12 DR. EMMONS’ REPORT. April, 
stupid indifference, and creates, in the room of a faithful servant, a 
sullen ill-tempered dependant. 
The intellect of the ox, though less than that of the horse, is yet of a 
high character, when compared with a majority of animals. That he 
is capable of filling the sphere in which he was destined to move, before 
his reclamation from the forest, is saying no more than can be said of 
all other animals. His intellect, under a course of education, will 
advance him higher than what we should expect from his ordinary 
appearance in a state of servitude. 
Under some circumstances, he even exhibits the sagacity of the 
dog. In South Africa, the Hottentots train their oxen not only to 
guard themselves but their flocks. In case of war with neighboring 
tribes, he is sent forward on the battle field, and the herd, moving in 
concert, overthrow every opposing obstacle, and thus prepare the way 
for an easy conquest of the enemy. They in fact are both the pro- 
tectors and servants of the Caffre. What the character of the Caf- 
fre ox is, so probably was our domestic ox previous to his galling 
servitude to the European. He is equally susceptible of improve- 
ment under the hand of culture, and equally capable of increasing his 
amount of service and of value. His fidelity and usefulness may yet 
be increased during his life, and when put to the stall for slaughter, 
he may yield a two-fold value to the proprietor. 
The ox, in the domesticated state, seems more liable to disease than 
those species which yet remain unreclaimed from the forest. On this 
point, however, mistakes may arise from our not being able to observe 
the condition of the latter. It is rare to meet with any of the wild animals 
under disease. In original structure and bottom, the ox is firm and 
sound. ‘I'he bones of the skeleton are hard and strong, and its general 
resemblance to that of man is quite striking. The greatest deviation 
of form in any single bone, is in that of the lower jaw. In man it is 
short and square ; in the ox and all other quadrupeds, except the 
elephant, it is long and tapering. He differs from man also in the 
number and form of the metatarsal and metacarpal bones. His ap- 
paratus too, for digestion and assimilation, is larger even in propor- 
tion to size, and more complicated. In these particulars, and others 
‘which might be noticed, the changes are specially adapted to fit his 
organization to this condition. This is true of all the species of the 
