8 



production and for certain pastries. It is at first bearded, but loses its beards at 

 harvest time. It seems adapted to a soil not too rich in humus, with considerable 

 clay and some sand, and a rather warm, dry climate. Should be tried in this country 

 in the western portions of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska, in east Colorado, 

 Arizona, and California, and perhaps in some of the Southern States. It is consid- 

 erably resistant to orange-leaf rust. Amount obtained, 6 bushels. 



2958. Triticum vulgare. Wheat. 



From Russia. Received March, 1899, through Mr. M. A. Carleton. 



Sandomir Wiuter wheat. From the government of Radom, in Poland. Mean 

 annual rainfall, 27 inches; for the growing season (May to September, inclusive), 

 15.5 inches. Mean annual temperature, about 44.6°. Mean harvest time August 6. 

 A rather soft, plump, white wheat, quite susceptible to changes of soil and climate. 

 Best grades of the variety to be obtained only in Poland, near the town of Sando- 

 mir. Has already been tried in the United States with some success. Might be of 

 especial value for cracker making and for certain breakfast foods. Should be tried 

 on the Columbia plains, in northern California, and in New York. Amount obtained, 

 3 bushels. 



2959. Triticum dicoccum. Emmer. 



From Russia. Received March, 1899, through Mr. M. A. Carleton. 



Ufa Spring emmer. From the government of Ufa, about 8 miles from the city of 

 the same name. Mean annual rainfall, 16.6 inches; for the growing season (May to 

 September, inclusive), 10.9 inches. Mean annual temperature, 37.5° ; for January, 

 9.5°; for July, 69.4°. Soil a very rich, deep, black loam, the famous " black earth" 

 of Russia. Should be sown quite early in the spring, drilled in at the rate of 2 to 

 2\ bushels per acre. Period of growth about the same as for oats. This very hardy 

 cereal is little known in this country, but is much valued in Russia and Germany. 

 It is used both for stock feed, similarly to oats, and also as human food, in the form 

 of gruel. Is very resistant to cold and often to drought also, but may surfer some 

 from rust in warm wet seasons. It is a variety of Triticum dicoccum, correctly called 

 emmer, but also known as Russian spelt. The Russian name is "polba." Is worthy 

 of thorough trial. Admirably adapted for trial in all the extreme northern States 

 from Minnesota to Washington, and in Alaska; also in arid districts. Amount ob- 

 tained, 6 bushels. 



2960. Panicum miliaceum. Millet. 



From Russia. Received March, 1899, through Mr. M. A. Carleton. 



Red Orenburg Broom-corn millet. From the Turgai territory of the Kirghiz 

 Steppes, about 40 miles southwest of Orenburg. Mean annual rainfall, about 15 

 inches or less; for the growing season (May to September, inclusive), about 8 inches. 

 Mean annual temperature, about 37.9°. Summers short but very hot. Soil differs 

 from the usual " black earth" in being a rather stronger clay with a considerable 

 mixture of sand, making it also grayer in color — the same sort of soil to which durum 

 wheats are so well adapted. Should be sown probably about May 15 or soon after, 

 though in Russia it is sown about the 25th or later. Period of growth 110 to 115 

 days. A red-seeded, panicled millet (Panicum miliaceum sanguineum), quite different 

 from the ordinary forage millets of our prairie States. Grown chiefly for the seed, 

 which is not only excellent for stock feeding, but in Russia is most widely used for 

 human food in the form of grits or gruel and with soups. Well adapted for trial in 

 the Dakotas, Nebraska, east Colorado, Kansas, and similar cold and arid districts. 

 Amount obtained, 3 bushels. 



2961. Secale cereale. Rye. 



From Russia. Received March, 1899, through Mr. M. A. Carleton. 



Sisolsk Winter rye. From Ust-Sisolsk, in Vologda government, about 61|° 

 north latitude. Mean annual temperature, 31. 7 C ; for the growing season (May to 

 September, inclusive), 56.5°. Normal rainfall not known, but during one year it 

 was 18 inches. Seed obtained from Mr. A.. E. Sukhanof, free of charge. Rotation 

 of crops where seed was grown as follows: (1) Fallow without manure; (2) winter 

 rye; (3) spring bailey and oats with manure. Variety grown in that region for 

 many years and therefore thoroughly adapted to extreme cold, and rather drought- 

 resistant. Should be tried in Alaska, and perhaps also in the very coldest districts 

 of the United States proper. Amount obtained, # bushel. 



