206 E. C. ANDREWS. 



(b) Hanging valleys. 



(c) "Steps" and interstep "treads" along Alpine valley floors. 



(d) Cirque forms. 



(1) Cirque forms characterise the head ward growth of 



stream channels, 



(2) Cirques at glacial gathering grounds. Preliminary 



note on ice action. Dual or triple action, namely: — 



(i) Tendency to basin formation at the cirque foot. 



(ii) Infra-glacial sapping and glacial corrasion at a 



point above the cirque base, 

 (iii) Supra-glacial sapping. 



(e) " Broads." 



(f) Moraines. 



(g) Drumlins. 



Part III. 



Application of the hypothesis to specific areas. 



(i) Calif ornian Sierras (Upper Valleys and Yosemite types), 



(ii) Milford Sound (New Zealand), 



(iii) Finger Lake Region (New York), 



{iv) Hudson River (New York), 



(v) St. Lawrence at Quebec, 



(vi) England, Wales and Scotland. 



(vii) Kosciusko (New South Wales). 



Introduction.— The scientific investigator is repeatedly 

 confronted with the "end results" of a series of physical 

 and chemical activities, and he is continually at a loss to 

 explain their existence, owing to the more or less complete 

 obliteration of the traces of the various steps by which 

 such "end results" were obtained. If the investigator 

 were placed amid such favorable surroundings that the 

 whole series of operations involved in such an "end result" 

 could be made visible it would be found that the most 

 complicated processes (as we now consider them) would 

 admit of very easy explanations. Certain it is that the 

 explanations or statements of all important natural laws 





