1885.| Zoölogy. 89 
rians, most of which have been dredged in the Bergen and 
Drontheim tjords. The new genus Duva contains four species. 
It contains much branched forms, bearing several non-retractile 
polyps at the extremity of each branchlet. The polyps are 
provided with long acicular spicules, and branches, twigs, and 
septa are without calcareous deposit. Gorgonia florida Rathke 
belongs to this division. Another new genus Gondu, is so 
peculiar that it is considered the type of a new family of Penna- 
tulids and even of a section of the order characterized by the 
fixity of the rachis, the presence of long calcareous spicules and 
the bilateral development of the pinnules. The colony is short 
and without a base. The spicules have a central canal, divided 
into four by septa. The only species, G. miradi/ts,is of a beauti- 
ful orange, with dark red polyps. The remaining species belong 
to the alcyonarian genera Sarcophyton, Gersemia, Clavularia, 
Sympodium, and Haimea, the gorgonian genera Brianeum and 
Paragorgia, and the pennatulid genera Gladiscus, Kophobel- 
emnon, Leptotilum and Pinnatula. 
orms.—M. J. G. de Man, of Leyden, has published a mono- 
graph of the nematodes of the Netherlands and of France. He 
describes forty-three species belonging to thirty-six genera, of 
which twenty are new. Terrestrial nematodes can usually be 
found in the earth attached to the roots of damp grass, and fresh 
created species abound upon the filaments of Conferve and in 
the detritus of ponds and brooks. 
Crustaceans Crustacea seem to be rare in Barentz sea, for 
the six Dutch expeditions have only obtained fifteen species. 
M. Weber, in the MMederlandische Archiv fur Zoologie, gives a 
careful description of Glyptonotus sabini Kroyer. 
Fishes ——Cases of hermaphroditism among fishes accumulate. 
Aristotle first noticed it among the Serranidæ, and his state- 
ments have been since verified. The peculiarity has been 
observed in three or four species of Serranus, and in sixteen 
other species of bony fishes, viz: Box salpa, Charax puntazza, 
Chrysophrys aurata, Labrus mixtus, Pagellus mormyrus, Perca 
fluviatilis, Sargus annularis and S. saloaini, Scomber scomber, 
Gadus morrhua, G. merlangus, Lota vulgaris, Solea vulgaris, 
Clupea harengus and Cyprinus carpio. The majority of these 
species are Physoclysti, but three are Physostomes. He hro- 
ditism has also been observed among the Chondrostei (Acipenser 
huso, A. sturio), but not among the elasmobranchs or the dipno- 
ans. In examples of Centrolophus pompilio, Smaris alcedo, and 
Ophidium barbatum, a mass of ovules has been seen to develop 
as the male gland in the midst of the spermatoblasts. M. 
Weber (Ueber Hermaphrodismus bei Fischen. Nied 
Tijd. vor der Dierkunde) gives an interesting anatomical de- 
scription of twò hermaphrodite fishes, a perch and a cod. He 
attributes hermaphroditism to the primordial sexual indifference 
