98 General Notes. [ January, 
gen offers no advantages over that of pure air. 3. Breathing in 
diluted ozone is without the narcotizing effects which some ascribe 
to it. 4. Respiration in concentrated ozone produces powerful 
irritation of the mucous membrane, and is therefore injurious. 
5. There is no proof that ozone is taken into the blood through 
the lungs.—Pfliiger’s Archiv., Bd. 34, S. 335. 
THE PRESENCE, SOURCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF SUGAR IN THE 
Bioop.—Seegen publishes an interesting contribution to the much 
discussed question of the function of the liver in relation to car- 
bohydrates. As is well known, Bernard and his followers re- 
garded the liver as the sugar-making organ, and went so far as to 
maintain that the sugar thus formed was produced chiefly by the 
disruption of albuminous material. Pavy and others regard, in 
general, the liver as a sugar destroyer, by whose means the over- 
loading of the blood with absorbed carbohydrate is prevented. 
Seegen lends his support to the older school. He shows that 
sugar formation in the liver is a general physiological function 
shared by widely different groups of animals, herbivorous and 
carnivorous. He finds, moreover, that the liver,even when excised, 
has the power of producing sugar from peptone. Numerous 
researches on dogs gave the following principal results: 1. Sugar 
is a normal constituent of the blood, but varies in its proportions 
from 0.1 per cent to 0.15 percent. 2. The sugar content of the 
blood in the right and left sides of the heart is the same. Dif- 
ferences between the proportion of sugar in arterial and venous 
blood are not constant but yariable within narrow limits. The 
blood of the portal vein, however, nearly constantly contains less 
sugar than that of the carotid artery. 3. The blood which léaves 
the liver contains double the quantity of sugar held by that entering 
it. The mean of thirteen experiments gave for blood of the portal 
vein, sugar O.I 19 per cent ; for the hepatic vein, sugar 0.23 per cent. 
4. The amount of sugar thus leaving the liver in the course of a 
day is very considerable. The amount produced by the dog’s liver 
in twenty-four hours is calculated to vary from 200 to more than 
400 grammes. 5. The blood-sugar is formed, at least in carniv- 
orous animals, exclusively from albuminous bodies. 6, The 
sugar content of the blood rapidly diminishes when the liver is 
excluded. This sugar is used up in all the living tissues.— 
Phliigers Archiv, Bd. 34, S. 388. 
THE PREVENTION oF HypropHopia.—MM. Pasteur, Chamber- 
land and Roux have made the following communication on the 
prophylaxis of rabies by inoculation with a modified virus. They 
find (1) that the virus transferred from the dog to the ape, and 
cultivated by propagation through several members of the latter 
order, becomes progressively feebler after each inoculation. 
After a certain period of such cultivation, if it be hypodermically 
administered to dogs, guinea-pigs or rabbits, or even by intracra- 
