1885.] a Botany. 169 
terandry and movements of filaments and styles are here decided. 
On the opening of the bud the almost equal anthers converge 
and place themselves in line across the throat of the flower. The 
stamens curve forward so as to come into more ready contact 
with the body of the visiting. bee (Fig. 1), while the style is 
curved backward and lies under the upper lip of the corolla. 
When the stamens become effete the pairs on either side diverge 
(Fig. 2) and bend back, stationing themselves under the upper 
lip while the style moves forwards, takes the place of the effete 
stamens and opens its bilobed stigma (Fig. 3). Such is the pro- 
terandry of this flower which, as most of its allies, requires the 
visits of bees for its fertilization. 
he flower is of a pale rose color, which is deeper on the upper 
lip. The upper and lower lips are spotted with purple, while the 
Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. 
Physostegia virginiana. Fic. 1.—Male state. Fig. 2.—Stamens curved back. 
Fic. 3.-—Female state; æ, anthers; s¢, stigmas. 
interior of the inflated corolla is striped with the same color, the 
lines leading downwards and backwards towards the stamens, the 
filaments serving as guides to the honey, which lies in a tube 
formed by the contraction of the corolla along the line of the, 
outer set of filaments. In this way two tubes are formed, an 
lower contracted one which appears more accessible at first. sight, 
but contracts below, so as to doom to disappointment the mis- 
_ taken insect. The lines of purple lead to the true entrance. In 
this species, as in the Brunella, the honey gland seems to be a 
body of greenish-yellow color, occupying the place of a fifth nut- 
let supposing that the flower contained that many.— Aug. F. 
Foerste, Granville, Ohio. 
BEGINNING Botany.—In teaching botany during the past twelve 
or fifteen years, I have generally set students at work for several 
weeks, in the beginning, with specimens only. These are given 
each member, and he is required to investigate and report at the 
meeting of the class. Some of these reports are made in writing. 
More or less of this work is done throughout the course. It has 
proved very satisfactory to pupil and teacher. 
