226 Indian Corn and the Indian. { March, 
stated in the Popol Vuh that four barbarians, the Fox, the 
Jackal, the Paraquet and the Crow, guided to Paxil or Cayala, 
the “land of divided and stagnant waters” where “the white 
and the yellow maize did abound,” and apparently a civilized 
country, and where the use of maize for meal and for preparing 
“nine drinks ” was acquired. The Navajoes have the tradition 
that a turkey hen came to them flying from the direction of the 
morning star, and shook from her feathers an ear of blue corn 
(Bancroft, Native Races, 111, 83). The Indians of Massachusetts, 
as Roger Williams writes, have a tradition that the crow brought 
“them at first an Indian graine of corne in one Eare, and an In- 
dian or French Beane in another, from the great God Kautau- 
towits’ field in the Southwest, from whence they hold came all 
their Corne and Beanes ” (Key to the Lang. of Am., 1643, p. 144, 
Narragansett Club ed.). 
The antiquity of maize, as well as its importance, is attested by 
the circumstance of its connection with religion, and its acquire- 
ment of sacred characters. Centeotl, in Mexico, was goddess of 
maize, and hence of agriculture, and was known, according to 
Clavigero, by the title, among others, of Tonacajohua, “ she who 
sustains us.” Sahagrun writes of the seventy-eight chapels of 
the great temple at Mexico, that the forty-fifth edifice was called 
Cinteupan, and korrin was a statue of the god of maize. Tor- 
quemada also says. “ there was another chapel dedicated to the 
god Cinteutl, called Cinteupan, he was the god of maize and of 
bread,” and Charnay (1880), who quotes the above references, 
found a statue bearing sculptural representations of ears of 
maize. 
The Mexican god Tlaloc is represented by Ixtlilxochitl “ in the 
picture of the month Etzalli with a cane of maize in the one 
hand and in the other a kind of instrument with which he was 
digging the ground” (Bancroft, Native Races, 111, 325), and vari- 
ious ceremonials in relation to maize are recorded by many of 
the early Spanish writers upon Mexico. 
In Peru the maize of Titiaca was considered sacred, and was 
distributed throughout the kingdom in small parcels to impart 
a portion of its sanctity to the granary wherein it was stored — 
(Garcilasso, Royal Com. Hak. Soc. ed., 1, 288), and in the garden 
so of the Inca: “There was also a iage field of maize, the grain 
~ they call quinua, pulses, and fruit trees with their fruit; all made 
