228 Indian Corn and the Indian. [March, 
man, Pioneers of France, 348) in this northern latitude, and on 
the Ottawa river, 1632, mentions also pumpkins, beans and 
French peas obtained recently from the traders (24., 352). 
This year on Lake Huron, Champlain saw fields of maize, idle 
pumpkins ripening in the sun, and patches of sunflowers (20., 366). 
“ The Adirondacs,” says Colden, “ formerly lived 300 miles above 
Trois Rivers; * * * * at that time they employed them- 
selves wholly in hunting, and the Five Nations made planting of 
corn their business (Hist. of the Five Nations, Lond., 1747). 
In 1615 Champlain invaded the Iroquois country, the present 
New York, and saw the Iroquois at work among their pumpkins 
and maize, gathering their harvest, for it was the month of Octo- 
ber. In 1653 Le Moyne navigated Lake Ontario, and in the 
country of the Senecas had given him “ bread made from Indian 
corn, of a kind to be roasted at the fire.” In 1687, in an invasion 
into this country by de Nouville, some 400,090 minots, or 1,200,- 
000 bushels of corn were said to have been destroyed (Doc. Hist. 
of N. Y., 1, 238); and in 1696, Frontenac, in the country of the 
Onondagas, spent the 7th, 8th and oth of August with his army 
in destroying the growing corn which extended from a league 
and a half to two leagues from the fort (zd.,1, 212). In 1779, 
when the army under Gen. Sullivan came to the vicinity of Cay- 
uga and Seneca lakes, they found the lands cultivated, yielding 
abundant corn, extensive orchards, and a regularity in the arrange- 
ments of their houses which announced prosperity and enjoy- 
ment of property ; the houses were framed and painted and pos- 
sessed chimneys (Trans. N. Y. Agr. Soc., 1850, 380), and Gen. 
Sullivan says of the Indians of the Genessee valley that their 
fields) were fruitful with “every kind of vegetable that could be 
perceived,” and another record catalogues “corn, beans, peas, 
squashes, potatoes, onions, turnips, cabbages, cucumbers, water- 
melons, carrots and parsnips (Conover’s Early History of Gen- 
eva, N. Y., p. 47). 
When Verrazzano, 1524, visited the New England coast he 
found the Indians would trade only at a distance, and when he 
landed he was welcomed with the war-whoop and clouds of 
arrows. This is worthy of note as showing that the conditions 
were unfavorable to agriculture. When Capt, John Smith visited 
_ the coast he enumerates “ pompions, gourds, strawberries, beams, 
_ pease and mayze (The Desc. of New England, 1614, p, 16; Peter 
mite Fees 
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