1885.] Recent Literature. 377 
reagents must be employed, their application requiring a horizon- 
tal stage.” 
In chapter 1 we have a discussion of the vegetable cell in gen- 
eral, its structure, composition and principal contents. Here it 
is encouraging to note that the author still holds to the view that 
the cell is the unit in vegetable anatomy. The most interesting 
portion of this chapter is that devoted to plastids (including 
chlorophyll), protein granules and starch. In chapter 1 the 
modifications of cells, and.the ttssues they compose, are taken up. 
The provisional classification adopted is as follows : 
I, Cells of the fundamental system, or PARENCHYMA cells—permanent typical 
cells. 
1, Parenchyma cells, strictly so-called, including as modifications collenchyma 
celis and sclerotic parenchyma cells, or grit cells, such as the lignified cells 
of seed-coats and drupes, etc. 
2. Epidermal cells and their modifications, e. g., trichomes. 
3. Cork cells, forming suberous parenchyma, or cork. 
II. Cells and modified cells of the fibro-vascular system—PROSENCHYMA in the 
widest sense. 
I. Cells of prosenchyma proper. 
a. Typical wood-cells and woody fibers, including libriform cells and the 
secondary wood-cells. 
6. Vasiform wood-cells or tracheids. 
2. Vessels or ducts. 
a. Dotted. 
b. Spirally marked. 
c. Annular, 
d. Reticulated. 
e. cular. x 
: 3. Bast-cells, bast-fibers or liber-fibers. 
III. Sreve-cexts, or cirhose cells. 
IV. LATEX-CELLS. 
It will be observed that four principal kinds of cells are here 
recognized, implying four kinds of tissues. Parenchyma is made 
to include collenchyma and short-celled sclerenchyma, and pro- 
senchyma likewise includes fibrous cells as well as vessels (trach- 
We shall reserve the discussion of some points in the chapters 
before us until after the appearance of part second, but in the 
