1885.] and their former range Southward. 477 
the foundation of the first missionary settlement at Nain in 1771, 
“the old quarrels between the natives and the English traders 
were resumed ; and as no one was present who could act as in- 
terpreter and explain the mutual grounds of difference, the affair 
terminated in bloodshed. Nearly twenty of the natives were 
killed in the fray, among whom was Karpik’s father; he himself, 
with another boy and seven females, were taken prisoners and 
carried to Newfoundland. One of these women, of the name of 
Mikak, and her son, were brought to England, where they recog- 
- nized an acquaintance in Mr. Haven, who had formerly slept a 
night in their tent. Karpik was detained by Governor Palliser, 
with the intention of committing him to the care of Mr. Haven, 
to be trained up for usefulness in a future mission to his country- 
men.. He did not arrive in England till 1769, at which time he 
was about fifteen years old.” He died in England of small-pox. 
We glean a few more items from Crantz regarding the distribu- 
tion, numbers, and habits of the Labrador Eskimos. The Mora- 
vians, after founding Nain (lat. 56° 25’), determined to found two 
other stations, one to the north and the other to the south. Ok- 
kak (150 miles north of Nain in lat. 57° 33’) was thus founded on 
land purchased from the Eskimo in 1775, Haven with his family 
establishing himself there the following year. The reason for 
founding these stations was for the reason that it “ was found in- 
sufficient to serve as a gathering place for the Eskimo dispersed 
along a line of coast not less than six hundred miles in extent, 
especially as it afforded but scanty resources to the natives during 
the winter season, when they had fewer inducements to rove from 
place to place.” 
In the summer of 1782 the Moravians began a third settlement 
to the south, “on the spot which they had formerly marked out 
and purchased from the Esquimaux. This station received the 
name of Hopedale.” As obstacles to the missionary work were 
the following : “ The spirit of traffic had become extremely prev- 
alent amongst the Southern Esquimaux, the hope of exaggerated 
advantages which they might derive from a voyage to the Euro- 
pean factories, wholly abstracted their thoughts from religious 
enquiries; and one boat-ldad followed another throughout the 
summer. A Frenchman from Canada, named Makko, who had 
newly settled in the south, and who sustained the double charac- 
ter of trader and Catholic priest, was particularly successful in 
d 
