1885. ] and their former range Southward. 479 
course with the red Indians who lived in the interior, and some- 
times approached in small parties to the coast. A mutual reserve 
subsisted between them and the Esquimaux, and the latter fled in 
the greatest trepidation when they discovered any traces of them 
in their neighborhood. In 1790, however, much of this coldness 
was removed, when several families of these Indians came to 
Kippokak, an European factory about twenty miles distant from 
Hopedale. In April, 1799, the missionaries conversed with two 
of them, a father and son, who came to Hopedale to buy tobacco. 
It appeared that they were attached to the service of some Cana- 
dians in the southern settlements, as well as many others of their 
tribe, and had been baptized by the French priests. They evi- 
dently regarded the Esquimaux with alarm, though they endeav- 
ored to conceal their suspicions, excusing themselves from lodg- 
ing in their tent on account of their uncleanly habits. At parting 
they assured the brethren that they would receive frequent visits 
from their countrymen, but this has not as yet been the case.” 
From Cartwright’s “ Journal of a Residence in Labrador” we 
glean the following statements, which certainly confirm those of the 
Moravians: In 1765 a blockhouse was erected in a small fort at 
Chateau bay to protect the English merchants from the Eskimo. 
(Cartwright also gives'the best account we have seen of the Bethuks 
of Newfoundland.) The southern tribe of Eskimo were at Cha- 
teau bay in 1770, Cartwright observing that some Moravians were 
there at the same time. He also states that there was an Eskimo 
settlement “some distance to-the northward” of Cape Charles, 
and that a family of nine Eskimo came to spend the winter living 
near Cartwright’s house, and more Eskimo came to join them in 
July, 1771, there being thirty-two in all; they traded whalebone 
with the Eskimo to the northward. Cartwright saw deserted 
Eskimo winter houses near Denbigh island. 
In 1771 he saw an Eskimo pursuing a “ penguin” in his kayak 
near Fogo island, off the coast of Newfoundland! 
August 30, 1772, “500 or thereabouts ” Eskimo arrived at 
Charles’ harbor from Chateau bay to the southward, to meet their 
relations from London, whom Cartwright had the year previous 
taken with him to London, some of them having died in Eng- 
land of the small-pox. In April and May, 1776, Eskimo were 
observed living near Huntington island. Many Eskimo died in 
Ivuktoke inlet, probably from the small-pox, brought over from 
. 
