542 Kitchen Garden Esculents of American Origin: [June, 
is exceptional with us, is the rule with them, but we can at no 
level positively declare, “ here it is absolutely impossible that con- 
sciousness should exist.” We must understand the subject far 
‘more thoroughly than now ere this question can be definitely 
decided. 
(To be continued.) 
:0: 
KITCHEN GARDEN ESCULENTS OF AMERICAN 
ORIGIN. II. 
BY E. LEWIS STURTEVANT, M.D. 
(Continued from p. 457, May number.) 
Jerusalem Artichoke-—Botanical analogies and the testimony of 
contemporaries agree, as we have seen, says De Candolle? in con- 
sidering this plant to be a native of the north-east of America. It 
was introduced to England about 1617, as we learn from the sec- 
ond edition of Gerarde? and this is nearly coincident with the 
first mention of this species in Europe, that by Fabio Colonna.‘ 
Lescarbot brought these roots into France about this time 
“ Hartichokes” are mentioned as growing in Virginia in 1648,° 
and “ artichokes ” were cultivated at Mobile in. 1 775, but whether 
this plant or not, does not appear from the context” They are 
mentioned by writers on American gardening from 1806 onward’ 
In Pennsylvania the tubers are yet raised by some and sent to the 
New York market, “they are disposed of for lunch purposes and 
there is a ready sale.” 
Most interesting articles on the geographical and botanical his- 
tory of this plant, by Messrs. J. Hammond Trumbull and Asa 
Gray, will be found in the American Fournal of Science, May, 
1877, and April, 1883. ; 
Martynia—Two species, Martynia proboscidea Glox. and M. 
lutea Lindl., occur in our gardens, the seed pods while yet tender 
1 See in this connection Cope, On Catagenesis, Amer. NAT., Oct., 1884. 
2 Orig. of Cult., Pl. 44. ah 
3 Herbal, 1636, 753. 
4 
Ecphasis minus cognitarum stirpium, Rome, 1616. 
5 Hist, la Nouv. France, 1618. 
$: 
__*M’Mahon, 1806, Gardiner and Hepburn, 1818, as good for hogs and cattle, 
at Fessenden, 1828, etc. 
© Agr, of Pa., 1883, 358. 
