1885.] Kitchen Garden Esculents of American Origin. 543 
serving for pickles. The former was first known in Europe in 
1738, the latter, a South American species, not until 1824.1 M. 
craniolaria Glox., the white flowered, has appeared by name in 
one at least of our seed catalogues among garden vegetables. It 
was described in 1785. M. violacea Engelm. occurs in the South- 
western States, and the Apache Indians gather the half ripe seed 
pods to be used for food. 
The Martynia was not an inmate of our kitchen gardens in 
1828, not being mentioned in Thorburn’s seed catalogue of that 
date, nor in Noisette’s Manual du Jardinier, It is not mentioned 
for American gardens by Schenck in 1854, but is by Burr in 
1863.4 It hence may be considered as of recent introduction. 
Nasturtium—Tropeolum majus L. and T. minus L., find place in 
our seed catalogues for use as a garnish and salad, and the unripe 
seed pods for salads and pickling. Both are natives of Peru. 
The former came to Europe in 1684, according to Linnzus,’ or 
1686, according to Noisette’ and according to Collinson’s manu- 
scripts it reached England in 1686. The dwarf nasturtium 
was known at Lima in 1580 by Dodonzus, was cultivated in 
England by Gerarde in 1596, and was a great favorite with Park- 
inson in 1629; it was then lost, but afterwards reintroduced 
Miller, in 1768, says it was then only less common than the tall. 
Both the tall and the dwarf were in French kitchen gardens in 
1828,° but the tall seems to have then only reached our ‘culture, 
as the dwarf is not mentioned in Thorburn’s seed catalogue of 
1828. The tall is mentioned by M’Mahon as in American gar- 
dens in 1806, by Gardiner and Hepburn in 1818, and the tall and 
dwarf by Bridgeman in 1832. Both were grown in = gar- 
dens in 1778.2. One common name, “ Indian cress,” used as late 
as 1854 by writers on American gardening, would suggest that 
the use as a vegetable was coincident with its second introduc- 
tion, as Parkinson’s fondness for it would seem to imply. 
1 Noisette. Man. du Jard., 537. 
2 Dept. Agr. Rept., 1870, 422. 
3 Gard. Text-book. 
t Field and Gard. Veg. of Am. 
5 Miller’s Dict. 
§ Man. du Jard., 508. 
1 Miller’s Dict. 
Connie, Man. du — 337- 
9 Mawe’s Garden 
