1885. ] and their former range Southward. 559 
flat oblong dish, carved out of soapstone, of normal Eskimo design ; 
some knives of European manufacture, needles and thread, while 
on a shelf we noticed an Eskimo Bible with the owner’s name 
written in a neat hand on the fly leaf. On the whole the interior 
was neater and less offensive to the eye and nostril than we ex- 
pected, as was the exterior. Besides the house, on a cross-pole 
supported by two uprights, rested a kayak, and over another hori- 
zontal pole hung drying a black bear’s skin or dried cod-fish, as 
the case might be. The spaces between the houses were rudely 
drained, and saving the usual refuse heap at the rear of the house, 
a dog’s carcass, fish bones and other rejectamenta, there was 
nothing particularly repulsive, though certainly nothing attractive 
about the houses. Two families sometimes live in the same 
house, which is partitioned off simply by a low rail passing 
through the middle. We do not remember seeing any babies, 
and there seemed to be few children compared to the adults; here 
as in the arctic regions the Eskimo having small families. 
The women’s dress differs from that of the Greenland Eskimo 
in the much longer tails of their jackets, which as seen in Pl. xvir 
nearly reach to the ground; by the Greenlanders it is worn but 
little longer than the men’s; this difference, as seen on p. 473, 
was remarked by Cranch. Of late years woolen goods have 
partly superseded sealskin, but the pattern has been retained. 
Another difference is the form of the kayak; that of the Labra- 
dor Eskimo is much broader than the Greenland kayak, and of 
clumsier build, since the frame of the former is made of spruce ; 
this renders the Labrador kayak perhaps safer. 
So far as we could see the Labrador Eskimo at and north of 
Hopedale are full-blooded. Our engraving (Pl. xvi1) is from a 
photograph taken by Mr. Bradford, and gives an excellent idea of 
a Hopedale Eskimo couple with their baby. The faces apparently 
show no trace of foreign blood, while there is said to be not a full- 
blooded Eskimo in the Greenland colony, the intermixture with 
the Danes and Scandinavians in general being thoroughgoing. 
Few Europeans or Americans had previous to 1864 visited the 
Labrador coast north of Hopedale, and there the race has been 
preserved in most cases intact, though there may now be an occa- 
sional intermixture with the Newfoundland fishermen, who now 
go as far as Nain. 
__ As to the number and distribution of the Eskimo north of the 
