1885.] How the Pitcher Plant got its Leaves. 567 
by the procephalic lobes. The position to be occupied by the 
myriapods can only be decided by further study. 
As will be seen, the points requiring further investigation are 
many. We at the same time know more and less of the arthro- 
pods than of any other group of the animal kingdom, unless it 
be of the birds. The literature descriptive of the species of in- 
sects is enormous, but when one tries, for the purpose of exact 
comparison, to find out from books some of the simplest points 
of tracheate anatomy, he is met with only vague and generalized 
statements or with no information at all. It may be that further 
study will show that the conclusions reached above are founded 
on insufficient data, but we think it must be admitted that so far 
as Crustacea, Arachnida, Limulus and the hexapods are con- 
cerned, the points here made are well sustained by our present 
‘knowledge. What is especially needed is a more exact know- 
ledge of the arthropodan brain. The papers of Newton, Dietl, 
Flogel, Brant and others are good, so far as they go, but unfor- 
tunately they leave many and the most important points unde- 
cided. The same may be said of almost every other point in 
arthropodan anatomy except the morphology of the appendages, 
and even on this point much work remains to be done. 
:0: 
HOW THE PITCHER PLANT GOT ITS LEAVES. 
BY JOSEPH F. JAMES. 
0. the many curious plants which have been given to the 
world by America, the pitcher plants are among the oddest. 
They form a family which belongs entirely to the new world, 
where the species are widely dispersed. One of them is found in 
South America, one in California, while the others are natives of 
the Atlantic seaboard. A single one of these extends north- 
westward to Minnesota and British America. The feature which 
is common to these widely-scattered forms is the hollow leaf, 
making a sort of pitcher into which insects fly or fall or walk. 
When a leaf departs as far from the normal shape as does the 
leaf of the Sarracenia, it is always interesting work to try to dis- 
< cover the causes which have lead to the divergence. To do this 
it is necessary to go far back in the history of the world and find 
an ancestral leaf from which it could have come. This necessi- 
‘tates the examination of the various allies and relatives of the 
+ 
