576 How the Pitcher Plant got its Leaves. [June, 
In the first of these, the South American form, is probably 
to be found the nearest approach to the original type of flower, 
The single floral envelope, 
‘indefinite number of stamens 
and simple pistil, seem to 
indicate a comparatively un- 
specialized form, which cor- 
responds to the simplicity of 
the leaves. In the modern 
Nympheza or water-lily, there 
is a great number of petals, 
but these could be readily re- 
garded as some of the numer- 
ous stamens of a few-sepaled 
or petaled flower which have 
been transformed into petals, 
In the ovary of Nuphar (spat- 
ter dock) there is an approach 
to the simple ovary of Heli- 
amphora, accompanied, to be 
sure, by modifications which 
may be regarded as necessi- 
tated by an aquatic life. So 
that it does not require much to assume that in the flowers as in 
the leaves, the water-lilies and the pitcher plants are closely allied. 
j fii 
Fic, 11.—Darlingtonia. 
The umbrella-like stigma of the side-saddle flower, as well as 
its whole arrangement, is to be regarded as a modification inci- 
dent to cross-fertilization ; for in these plants seed is not perfected 
otherwise. On this account alone it would be expected to diverge 
widely from the primitive form. But there is, in the closely allied 
poppy family, an approach to this spreading umbrella-like stigma, 
whose whole large expansion may undoubtedly be refered to the 
necessity for cross-fertilization. : 
Lastly, in the Darlingtonia the flower is also greatly modified. 
This time the change has taken place in accordance with changes 
~~. inthe leaves. The analogy between the fish-tail appendages of 
oy the leaves and the peculiarly spreading. petals of the flower has 
` been pointed out by Dr. Hooker. As both are of the same color 
; and bear considerable resemblance to each other, he suggests 
= > their development has proceedėd together, and that while 
$ 
