1885.] ` Recent Literature. 585 
fungi, with the excellent cuts. While the work should give the 
student full theoretical knowledge it should emphasize all the 
facts leading to practical field work and observation. 
Craus’ ELEMENTARY Texr-Book oF ZooLocy.—We have 
already called attention to the first part of this work, which has 
been translated by Sedgwick and Heathcote. The second part 
embraces mollusks, Tunicata and vertebrates, the spaces given to 
the last group being in our opinion too little; in such a book cer- 
tainly one-half of the matter should be devoted to vertebrate ani- 
mals. In point of treatment, and excellence of the illustrations 
the high character of the first part is well sustained in this the 
concluding part. The old meaningless group of Molluscoidea is, 
however, retained for the Bryozoa and. Brachiopoda. To place 
these two groups of what may with safety be regarded as com- 
posite types of worms in a group equivalent in rank to the Ar- 
thropoda or Vertebrata shows lack of judgment. The author re- 
marks in justification: “ With the increase in our knowledge ot 
their developmental history, it appears more and more probable, 
not only that the two groups are descended from an ancestral 
form common to them and the annelids, but also that in spite of 
the considerable differences between them in the adult state, they 
are in reality closely related, a supposition which agrees with the 
great resemblance of their larve.” 
The Tunicata are placed next to the vertebrates, above the mol- 
lusks and Molluscoidea, a position now seemed warranted. 
The treatment of the Mammalia is, like that of the birds, anti- 
quated, no reference being made to the new groups of extinct 
forms and the subsequent modifications which should be made in 
the classification of the class; besides, too little space is given 
als. 
. 
to this most important of all classes of anim 
Upnam’s FLORA oF Minnesota.'—The State of Minnesota is to 
be congratulated upon the appearance of so creditable a volume 
in its Annual Geological Report. The author has done a good 
work well and thoroughly, and has placed before the people ot 
his State a work which will take rank as one of the best of 
its kind ever issued by the officers of a State survey. Ag 
_ . 1 Catalogue of the flora of Minnesota, including its Phaenogamous and Vascular 
Cryptogam ts, indigenous, naturalized and adventive. By WARREN UPHAM. 
Part vi of the annual report of progress [Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey] for the year 
1883. Minneapolis, Johnson, Smith & Harrison, 1884, pp. 193, with y plate, 
s 
