1885.] _ Entomology. 715 
in being much smaller and without a crown of curved spines, they 
are protruded and actively engaged in locomotion, and in situa- 
tion, as well as the presence of the basal tufts are truly homolo- 
gous with the normal abdominal legs. 
etc., the larve are at first geometriform, having but three pairs 
of proplegs; in the geometrids there are but two pairs, while in 
the Cochlidise there are not even any rudimentary feet, thoracic 
or abdominal. As we have elsewhere observed, the primitive 
lepidopterous larva must have had a pair of feet on each abdom- 
inal segment, and may have descended from Neuroptera-like forms 
allied to the Panorpide as well as Trichoptera—A. S. Packard. 
USE OF THE Pup& oF Morus IN DISTINGUISHING SPECIES.—In 
describing the pupz of certain moths we have found it well to 
observe and note with care the shape and appendages of the ter- 
minal spine of the abdomen. This has been done to some extent, 
but our experience teaches us that there are, inta great number of 
cases, excellent specific or at least generic characters in these 
parts. In the Bombycidz, the Notodontians especially, and in 
the Geometridz as well as the Phycinz and Tortricidz, there are 
notable differences between those species which do or do not spin 
a cocoon, the latter attaching themselves by a mass of silk to the 
leaves, the spines and sete giving them a firm hold. In those 
living among leaves or in the earth, the spine is provided with 
long curved sete arising from the end and sides of the spines; - 
these vary much, as does the abdominal tip in general in different 
species of Acrobasis, according as they live simply between leaves 
or in a cocoon. In some Notodontians which make a cocoon, 
as in Lophodonta angulosa, the tip of the abdomen is blunt, ending 
in a rounded knob, with no rudiment of a spine. 
Dalana ministra the obtuse tip of the abdomen is divided 
into a stumpy short bifid spine, each division ending in two spines, 
with an external shorter third minute one at : 
In Edema albifrons the tip proper ends in a short spine, which 
is flattened vertically, deeply cleft, with tubercles, from which 
arise 3—4 curved setz on each side, the entire apparatus retaining 
a firm hold on the end of the mass of silk by which it adheres to 
e leaves. 
In the pupa of Lochmeus tessella the tip is flattened vertically 
