788. General Notes. [August, 
five feet to the mile to the foot-hills. There the horizontal and 
unaltered strata of the Cretaceous and Laramie formations break 
against the base of the ancient rocks of the mountains into a 
series of sharp and nearly parallel flexures. In the central por- 
tion of the plains are a tumultuously hilly belt known as the Mis- 
souri Coteau, and also a line of indefinite elevations nearly paral- 
lel to the Coteau. The most remarkable difference between this 
region and that west of the Missouri is perhaps the extraordinary 
abundance of small lakes or “ sloughs,” evidently connected with 
the mantle of glacial drift. These usually occupy shallow basins 
without outlet, many are emptied by evaporation before autumn, 
and others from the same cause become more or less saline. The 
North and South Saskatchewan, Red Deer, Bow, and Belly rivers 
rise far back in the Rocky mountains, and while subject to con- 
fa spring freshets, are generally not in full flood till June 
or July. 
The Xingu,— Dr. Clauss recently gave, before the Munich 
watershed between the Paraguay and the Amazon. This water- 
shed is 300 to 400 meters high, and is a savannah broken up by 
forests along the water courses. The watersheds between the 
tributaries of the Amazons in this region are unknown. Brazilian 
geographers direct the upper course of the Xingu to the Tapajos, 
and put the source of the former under 11° S. lat. Eight days after 
the expedition had crossed the last tributary of the Tapajos they 
reached a large river which they named the Rio Batovy, and de- 
scended in bark canoes to the Xingu. The inhabitants of some 
Bucairi villages were found to be utterly ignorant of metals. 
From 8° to 3° S. lat. the Xingu falls 200 meters ina series of 
cataracts which were successfully passed under the guidance of 
the Yaruna Indians, 
e navians because the Lapps of earlier times lived in 
caves or recesses. The t 
Alpine, composed of hornblende, gabbro and eklogite, but prin- 
s 39 
in these regions the largest Swedish glaciers occur. About 180 
square kilometers are covered with “eternal” ice, reaching Sev-. 
eral hundred feet in-depth. The surface area of the lakes 15 
