1885. | Zoblogy. 813 
thinks it is only the result of the wearing of the sandal strap. 
The reduction of the smaller toe Albrecht is disposed to ascribe 
to the wearing of shoes. 
ZOOLOGICAL News,.—-Celenterates—Mr. S. J. Hickson (Trans. 
of the Roy. Soc., 1883) describes the ciliated groove which exists 
upon the ventral side of the stomodzum in many of the Alcy- 
onarians. This groove, or “siphonoglyphe,” which keeps up the 
circulation of water whilst the animals are retracted, is not present 
in the three genera of simple Alcyonaria, assumes more important 
proportions in these colonial forms (as Alcyonium, Spongodes, 
etc.), which have long body-cavities, is present in one of the two 
forms (the siphonozooids) of the dimorphic Alcyonaria Keemia 
lidæ), and is absent in the Gorgonidæ, in which the solid axis 
occupies a greater bulk than the sarcosoma. The itho works 
these facts into a new classification of the order, which he divides 
into (1) the Proto-alcyonaria, (2) the Stolonifera (Tubipora, Cla- 
vularia, Sarcodictyon, etc., (3) the Pennatulida, (4) the Gorgonidæ, 
containing the Primnoaceæ, Gorgonaceæ, and other families with- 
out a siphonoglyph, (5) the remaining Alcyonarians (Ccelogorgia, 
Paragorgia, etc., with a siphonoglyph. 
Echinoderms. — In the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal 
Society (1884), Mr. Herbert Carpenter describes a new crinoid 
from the Southern sea. This species, Zkaumatocrinus renovatus, 
presents two characters found in no other Neocrinoid, but present 
in some of the older Palzocrinoids. These are the persistence 
of the oral plates of the larva in the adult, and the separation of 
the radials by interradial plates. There is also a closed ring of 
basals on the exterior of the calyx, and a jointed arm-like ap- 
pendage on the interradial of the anal side. The ex ample was 
dredged ata depth of 1800 fathoms. Like Eudiocrinus, it has 
but five arms, and is very small. 
Crustacea.—Recent notes upon crustacea, by E. J. Miers, pub- 
lished in the Proc. Zool. Soc., London, include a list of thirteen 
decapods from the Mauritius, five of them not before recorded, 
from that island, and one, Callianassa martensii Myer, believed to 
new to science. 
Mr. F. Day (Proc. Zool. Soc., 1884) exhibited the skin and 
skeleton of a female Acanthias vulgaris, the whole of the flesh of 
had been eaten out by the Isopod, Conilera cylindracea. 
About twenty examples of this crustacean, some of them one and a 
quarter inches long, were taken from the remains. Mr. Dunn, of 
Megavissey, who sent the specimen, remarked that in the summer 
months these lice are very abundant fifteen to twenty miles from 
land, generally on soft and sandy bottoms. He had taken one 
hundred dog-fish at once in a mullet-net, but nearly every one 
was found to have been eaten ina like manner. They devour a 
fish in a few hours, and hunt in large shoals. Congers and other 
