1885.] Geology and Paleontology. 881 
The only group in existence in which the telson is so remarkably 
differentiated is the Galatheide. In Munida the telson is divided 
by sutures into four pieces, the two terminal ones lobed and edged 
with setæ of the same size as those of the uropoda. In Eumunida 
of Smith the telson is “ short and broad, more or less membran- 
aceous, and divided by a transverse articulation, so that the 
distal part may be folded beneath the basal part.” In Anoplotus 
politus, like the foregoing a deep-sea galatheid, the telson is stif- 
fened by eight distinct calcified plates, a broad median basal plate, 
with a small one on either side at the base of the uropod anda 
small median one behind it and between a pair of broad lateral 
plates, still behind which there is a second pair which meet 
in the middle line and forms the tips and lateral angles. 
From the nature of the differentiation of the telson in the Gala- 
theidz I am inclined to believe, from what I have observed in the 
specimens before me, that the telson of Anthrapalamon is sub 
divided in nearly the same manner. If so we cannot refer the 
genus to the Eryonidz, and we would therefore regard it as the 
type of a distinct family which may thus be briefly characterized: 
Family Anthracaride: Body broad and somewhat flattened, in 
general appearance like the Eryonidz, but with the first pair of 
thoracic legs no larger than the four succeeding pairs; carapace 
with a long acute rostrum, with lateral spines on the anterior 
half, the telson differentiated into two median pieces, with two 
lateral broad rounded membranaceous lobes, fringed like the uro- 
poda with large sete. 
In anticipating the differentiated telson of the anomurous Gal- 
atheidz, this eryon-like shrimp is not an exception to the rule 
prevailing in the old-fashioned Carboniferous forms, which seem, 
in most cases, to be synthetic or ancestral types. The Eryonide, 
which began to exist in the Mesozoic age, have persisted to the 
present time, being represented by certain deep-sea forms, 2. e., 
Willemcesia and Pentacheles; on the other hand the Anthracari- 
dz appear to have become extinct at the end of the Palzozoic 
age, and the question naturally arises: Did they stand in an an- 
cestral relation to the Mesozoic and modern Eryonidz ? Appear- 
ances certainly indicate that the Eryonide, and perhaps the Asta- 
cidæ, may have descended from a group at least closely allied to 
the Anthracaride.—A. S. Fackard. 
Tue GeorocicaL History or New Zearanp.—Capt. F. W. 
Hutton, in an article upon the origin of the fanna and flora of 
New Zealand (Ann. and Mag. Natural History, February, 1885) 
arrives at the following conclusions: New Zealand, which for- 
merly existed as the southern part of a continent extending 
through Australia to India, was isolated from Australia to- 
ward the close of the Jurassic period, but was attached to a 
South Pacific continent and received a stream of immigrants 
