902 General Notes, [September, 
1885) gives the diagnoses of twenty species of Cephalopoda col- 
lected during the cruise of the Challenger. The new kinds are 
Octopus verrucasus, the minute hectocotylus of which is present, 
O. boscil, var. pallida, O. australis, O. hongkongensis O. tonganus, 
hectocotylus present, O. vitiensis, O. duplex, and four other species 
of Octopus besides O. januarii, Steenstrup M.S. ; Eledone rotunda 
and Æ. brevis, Fapatella (nov. gen.) prismatica and diaphana ; 
Cirrolentha magna, meangensis, and pacifica, and Amphobrebus 
pelagicus, nov. gen, et sp.——Mr. A. H. Cooke republishes, with 
additions and corrections, a list of the testaceous mollusks ob- 
tained by R. MacAndrew in the Gulf of Suez. Of nineteen 
species of Cypræa found, nine occur at the Sandwich islands, six 
in Japan, eight in Australia and five at Natal, and of seven 
species of Triton two are common to the Sandwich islands, two 
to Japan and one to Australia. 
Crustacea —E. J. Miers (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., January, 1885) 
gives a synopsis of the species of Micippa and Paramicippa. He 
allows six species of the former genus (M. cristata, mascarenica, 
philyré, spinosa, curtispina, and thalia), all of which seem to be 
restricted to the shallower waters of the Indo-Pacific, yar — 
n the 
the littoral decapodous Crustacea of the Black sea. The num- 
ber of Pontic decapods has been increased by twenty, thus reach- 
ing forty-eight species. The author arrrives at some interesting 
conclusions as to genealogy. The nine different stages of the 
metamorphosis of Carcinus are, he says, a repetition of its gene- 
alogy ; all three species of Astacus found in the Ponto-caspian 
fauna are maritime forms which have immigrated into sweet 
-~ water, and even Astacus pachypus of the mountain lake Abrau is 
e remainder of a maritime fauna, so also Thelphusa, which has 
gigantic representatives in the South Caspian. Æriphia spinifrons 
and Carcinas menas reach a very large size on the shores of the 
Crimea and at Odessa. While most crabs reach their fullest de- 
velopment only in very salt and warm water, others reach the 
same size under reverse conditions. The decapods of the Sea of 
Azov have not yet been explored. 
Fishes —Professor Fritsch has been induced by the examina- 
tion of the peculiar flap-like appendages of Lophius to search for 
_ corresponding peculiarities in the nervous system, peculiarities 
which he soon discovered in the medulla oblongata. On the 
posterior side of the medulla, quite superficially situated, he 
found a group of huge ganglion-cells, such as had hitherto only 
been found in Malapterurus. While the latter fish had but two 
such cells, Lophius had a larger number. 
