990 General Notes. [ October, 
Norwich (Eng.). In Malmo the upper chalk is overlaid by the 
Danien, or newer chalk, which is without belemnites or Belemni- 
tella. From the upper chalk the only new species described is a 
Lingula, but from other horizons there are sixteen new forms, 
The most prolific brachiopod fauna is the lower division of the 
Kristianstad district, characterized by 5 Sasa ventricosus. 
_ Tertiary —Ernst Hoken has endeavored to ascertain the groups, 
of fishes to which belong the otoliths, which are the most com- 
mon remains of bony fishes in the Oligocene of North Germany. 
He finds the Gadidz predominate, but identifies also species of 
Percide, Sciænidæ, Sparide,. Triglide and Pleuronectide. 
Although Professor Marsh’s book on the Dinocerata bears date 
1884, the first copy was eresi from the binders rede the 
end of February, 1885. ardner, in a lecture upon 
the Age of the Basalts of the North. east Atlantic, tte that the 
determination of the Antrim basalts as Miocene is not satisfac- 
tory; and that the assumption that all floras comprising modern 
and temperate-looking genera (such as willow, beech, alder, hazel, 
poplar, elm, pine, liquidambar) must be Miocene, while a flora of 
palms, Proteacez, figs, Aralias, etc; must be Eocene, is erroneous. 
The whole of the American flora with Dicotyledons would have 
been absorbed into the Miocene had it not been for stratigraphical 
evidence. The so-called Miocene plants of Greenland are, by Mr. 
Gardner, referred to the middle Eocene, and the unfossiliferous 
beds below their horizon to the base of the Eocene. The basalts 
in Ireland restore the upper chalk. In conclusion Mr. Gardner 
said—“ I think we may assume that the old land on which this 
flora (that of the middle series of the Irish basalts) grew formed a 
part of the continent of Europasia, in Eocene times, and further 
that it formed or was not ‘distant from its western coast line.” Mr. 
rdner believes that the silicified wood and lignites of Lough 
One ae may be derived from the basalts. The prevailing conifers 
ese Eocene basalts are a cypress, a cryptomeria and a pine. — 
Post-Glacial—W. O. Crosby (Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.) 
gives what seems a very probable explanation of the gorge 
called Purgatory, at Sutton, Mass. The chasm is about 50 feet 
wide, with vertical walls, and pierces the micaceous gneiss of the 
e region. He suggests that during some disturbance of the earth’s 
= Crust, the wedge-shaped mass of rock between two master joints 
~. has dropped. This idea is in accord with facts. The chasm is 
at parallel to a well-defined system of joints, and its walls are 
_ evidently joint-places. There are no evidences of marine erosion 
. to support Dr. Hitchcock’s theory. The date of this chasm must 
be post-glacial, as, if it lay in the path of the ice-sheet, it would 
lave been filled with glacial detritus. The explanation will of 
ourse apply to some other similar gorges. 
wy.—Prof. A. Nehring (Sitz. Ges. naturf. Freunde, 
rts that the horse Dose in ROR during the 
