1008 General Notes. | October, 
symplectic gives origin to the cartilage of Meckel shows that it 
must belong to the mandibular arch. Besides this, the hyoid 
arch, in the rays, is attached behind these bones. The relations 
of the hyoid and mandibular arches to each other are trace 
through the various classes, and M. Albrecht maintains that the 
metapterygoid (squamosal), quadrate (quadrate part of temporal), 
ectopterygoid (alisphenoid), entopterygoid (pterygoid) and pala- 
tines form a premandibular visceral arch or rib. From this it fol- 
lows that the spiracles (of selachians) and the eustachean tube are 
morphologically a premandibular branchial sac. Such branchie, 
in fact, exist in the spiracles of selachians. 
M. Albrecht has recently returned to the attack in the Bio- 
logischen Centralblatt, in which (iv Band, Nr 23) he endeavors to 
prove from Fig. 308 of Kolliker’s Entwicklungsgeschichte des 
Menschen und der hoheren Thiere, the correctness of his belief 
in the non-existence of Rathke’s pouch. In the same periodical, 
(v Band, Nr 5 and 6) he records the discovery of seven bony ver- 
tebral centers in the cartilaginous nasal septum of a full-grown 
cow. His figures certainly shows seven small bones, in so far 
approximating an anterior tail. 
In some observations recently made by our author before the 
Brussels Anthropological Society he treats of the posterior termina- 
tion of man’s vertebral column. Man, he says, is a tailless lower ape 
orlemur. Atavisms going back to the lemurs are more common in 
man than in any monkey. Through want of use he has lost 
“that registrar of the state of the mind,” the tail. Yet man has 
really six or seven caudal vertebrz, two anchylosed with the 
three sacral vertebre which enter into the sacro-iliac articulation, 
and four or five (in woman often five) coccygeal vertebra. M. Al- 
brecht maintains that post-coccygeal proto-vertebrz exist in some 
cases, and even believes in the occurrence of bone in the same 
region. 
In another article our author gives figures of the manubria of 
six examples of Mycetes. In one only is the manubrium entire, 
and M. Albrecht correlates the fissured manubrium with the . 
howling habit of this genus, necessitating space for the larynx. 
_ when this is not the case they are replaced by di- and par-apoph- 
= yses. Any adjacent pairs of ribs or costoids upon the same side 
may be conceived to unite while still cartilaginous. These two 
osite pairs may unite. Osseous tissue may develop in each 
