1885.] The Relations of Mind and Matter, 1059 
THE RELATIONS OF MIND AND MATTER. 
BY CHARLES MORRIS. 
( Continued from p. 953, October number.) 
VI. THe MENTAL ORGANISM. 
WE have now to consider a question of very great importance, 
that of the relations of the mind and its energies to the 
universe of matter and energy without. A review of the condi- 
tions of mental energy leads to conclusions of much significance. 
These, however, can only be given very briefly, but we will en- 
deavor to point out their leading features and show the direction 
in which they tend and the remote possibilities of mental devel- 
opment which they indicate, 
In the lowest animals, in which psychical powers are yet very 
feebly developed, if they exist at all, the inflowing energy makes 
its way at once to the muscular or contractile regions, and motion 
takes place in response. The action of external nature upon the 
body is immediately followed by a reaction of the body upon ex- 
ternal nature. Where this action and reaction are in harmony, 
the body is a well-adapted reflex organism. As already said, 
however, with every new condition in the action the reaction 
becomes general, and new special adaptation is only slowly gained. 
And where there exists the rudiment of a psychical organism 
€very sensory action of a new character probably always disturbs 
its conditions, yields a conscious sensation and affects its motor 
relations. By a long continuance of this process the mental 
Organism becomes greatly developed. Of the external energies 
which crowd into the body during this increase in sensory and 
mental powers a constantly smaller percentage goes directly to 
the muscles, and a larger percentage to the mind, into which they 
enter as organizing or otherwise affecting agencies. Thus the 
energies which are checked in their flow through the body are 
never lost, but are employed in building up a reservoir of ener- 
gies within. Instead of producing an immediate and direct reac- 
tion upon outer nature, they now produce a retarded and indirect 
reaction. The condition of affairs is vitally changed by this new 
Condition of the organism. The body is at first an instrument of 
€xternal nature alone. It is set in motion by the energies of cer- 
tain external substances, and exerts energy on other external sub- 
stances, But in its advanced condition the force of the external 
