1885. ] Geography and Travels, 1083 
GENERAL NOTES. 
GEOGRAPHY AND TRAVELS.! 
GENERAL.—The Royal Geographical Society have adopted in 
the spelling of geographical names a set of rules, the general use 
of which will do much to avoid the present confusion. Familiar 
names, such as Calcutta, Celebes, Mecca, etc., will be retained in 
their present form, but with these exceptions foreign names in 
countries which use Roman letters will be spelled as by the re- 
spective nations. The true sound of the word as locally pro- 
nounced will be taken as the basis of the spelling, but only an 
approximation will be aimed at, no attempt will be made to rep- 
resent the more delicate inflections of sound and accent. The 
vowels will be pronounced as in Italian, and the consonants as in 
English; every letter will be pronounced, and the only accent 
used will be the acute, placed upon the syllable on which stress 
| is laid. Indian names (East Indian) are accepted as spelled in 
| Hunter’s Gazetteer. Thus: Fiji and Zulu are accepted spellings, 
. not Feejee and Zooloo. All vowels are shortened in sound by 
| doubling the following consonant, and the doubling of a vowel 
| is only necessary when there is a distinct repetition of the single 
; sound, as in Oosima. Au is to be pronounced ow as in how, 
not Corea; the oriental gutturals kh and gh will be used; kw 
will be used for qu (Kwangtung), and y is always a consonant, 
and should therefore never be used at the end of a word. 
Arrica— M. Foucauld’s Travels in Morocco.—M. Charles de Fou- 
| months among people who, had they unmasked him, would have 
| killed him as they have others. Little was known of the geog- 
raphy of Morocco before his journey. The first map of the 
Country on the scale of 1 : 2,000,000 was drawn up in 1845 by 
M. Emilien Renou. Three years afterwards this was revised by 
Capt. Baudouin, and the scale increased to I: 1,500,000. To the 
7600 miles of roads marked out, with but few determinations of 
latitude and still fewer of longitude, M. de Foucauld had added 
1400 miles of new ground, besides revising and perfecting the 
| This department is edited by W. N. LocKINGTON, Philadelphia, 
