csi ic 
1885.] Anthropology. 1131 
of New Mexico paint their altars in colored sands to-day. The 
terraced mounds, cremation, ossuaries, stone mounds, deposit 
burial, art productions for peace or war, traditions of the great 
Eastern stocks are all ably examined by Dr. Schmidt, and won- 
derful parallelisms pointed out. 
Finally, relying greatly upon Mr. Hale’s “ Indian migrations 
as evidenced by language,” the author revives the story of the 
Allegewi. There’s the rub, The number of American archzol- 
ogists who believe that the mound-builders were not Indians at 
all is very small. We have never seen one. There are all grades 
of believers in the amount and quality of relationship between 
the mound-builders and historic Indians; but which mound- 
builders and which historic Indians, that is quite a different 
thing. 
THE Natives oF New Guinea.—lIt is usually stated that two 
types of man exist in New Guinea; the one Melanesian, or so- 
called Papuan (which prevails from Flores to New Caledonia and 
Fiji), occupying the bulk of the country; the other, a fairer, 
milder race, having decided affinities with the Polynesian, found 
on the south coast of the eastern peninsula. Members of the 
former division, however, differ widely in appearance in different 
parts of the island. Not only have they in some instances under- 
gone great admixture, as, ¢. g., on parts of the north coast, where 
the type has been refined by mingling with a superior and possibly 
immigrant strain, but elsewhere, in the interior and on the coast, 
as at Sorong in the north-west and on the east side of Geelvink 
bay very degraded types are found. The fairer race show signs 
of great admixture and deviation from the Polynesian type. The 
Papuans preserve the heads of enemies and the skulls and jaw- 
bones of relatives. The “great house,” many hundred feet long, 
and containing several families, is found in New Guinea, as in 
Borneo and among the Mishmis and Nagas of Assam; the last- 
named having also, like the Papuans, separate houses for bachel- 
ors, and, unlike them, others for maidens. The Malay practice of 
building on piles is also common throughout New Guinea, even 
high up on the mountain sides. In the south-east stockaded vil- 
lages are built on the steep spurs of hills, surmounted by a 
dobbo, serving as a watch-tower and as a refuge from human and 
Spiritual enemies. Houses are also built on the ground with low 
walls and projecting eaves. In some places are larger houses, orna- 
mented outside with figures of birds, etc., which seem to corre- 
Spond to the council-house. The Papuan is a savage of a high 
Order. Although still in the stone age the artistic faculty is 
Shown in the carvings on canoes, houses, implements and wea- 
pons. They are fond of flowers. They trade massoi bark, nut- 
Megs, bird skins, pearl- and tortoise-shell, trepang and slaves for 
cotton cloth, iron and copper ware, knives, beads, mirrors, indigo 
e p 
= and arrack.—C. Trotter in Proc. Roy. Geog. Soc., vi, 196. 
