1150 The Relations of Mind and Matter.  {[December, 
THE RELATIONS OF MIND AND MATTER. 
BY CHARLES MORRIS. 
(Continued from p. 1076, November number.) 
VII. Tue Puysicar Basis or MIND. 
HAT the mind has a substantial basis does not need an 
attempt at argument before a scientific audience. The neces- 
sity of this is already fully admitted. For those who are not 
scientists the arguments we have already given must suffice. The 
claim that the brain is the organ of mind is based almost solely 
on this necessity. No other substance is perceptible at the appa- 
rent seat of thought, and the cerebrum is claimed as this seat in 
spite of the insuperable difficulties in the way of such a theory. 
Yet there is much substance and much in substance which we 
cannot hope to éver perceive. Our senses are very imperfect in- 
struments, and make us aware of but a minor portion of what 
exists. Our most important sense, that of sight, is blind to the 
great realm of gaseous matter. The microscope reveals to us 
worlds of existence which the unassisted senses could never have 
discovered. By the aid of delicate tests and instruments many 
of the less gross and active conditions of matter have been made 
apparent. In this way the range of our sensibility has been very 
greatly increased. And yet we are but on the threshold of the 
universe, Important conditions exist to which the senses of man 
have never responded. Important conditions exist to which our 
physical senses can never respond. We have the strongest reason 
to believe in the existence of substance all around us of which we 
can never become sensible. 
Some review of the conditions under which substance appears 
to exist becomes here requisite. In the science of a century past 
matter was but one of several distinct forms of substance. It 
was accompanied by a number of ethers, or imponderable es- 
sences, one each for heat, electricity, magnetism, &c. Indeed, the 
facility with which a new ether could be constructed to meet 
_ every new phenomenon of energy threatened in time to produce 
_ a condition as cumbrous as the old epicycle theory of astronomy. 
_ That was set aside by the discovery that the earth was a moving 
instead of a resting body, and the ethers similarly vanished when 
was discovered that motion was the distinguishing feature in 
em al From this tradiness to manufacture ethers the pendu- 
