8 Among the Ancient Glaciers of North Wales. 
parasitism of the fungus hypliae on the algae has not only been 
shown to be possible but quite probable, and to be the only way to 
explain the peculiar relations existing between hyphaB and algae sat- 
isfactorily. Schwendenerism, like " The Heterocism of Kusts," may 
be considered as a settled fact, and our ^' beloved lichens " must 
sooner or later be placed among the fungi, where they rightly be- 
long. 
The University of Mbraska, Dec, 1888. 
AMONG THE ANCIENT GLACIERS OP NORTH WALES. 
BY F. JOHKSTGIS' EVANS. 
THERE are few spots in the British Isles which present so many 
attractions to the geological tourist as that most picturesque of 
localities into which the traveller by rail from Holyhead is suddenly 
ushered when the " Wild Irishman " express, which had been rush- 
ing at the rate of some sixty miles an hour across the Island of An- 
glesea, after emerging from the Menai tunnel, somewhat abruptly 
pulls up at Bangor station. Around on every side are piled strange 
rock formations, tilted and upturned in every conceivable fashion. 
Within a comparatively short distance are the famous slate quarries 
of Penrhyn, in themselves a beautiful study; while in nearly an op- 
posite direction are visible the lofty summits of Snowdon and Cader- 
Idris. Let the reader accompany me in imagination into the midst 
of this magnificent mountain region, our special object being to 
wander and speculate, for a brief space, among the ancient glaciers 
of North Wales. Proceeding through the Vale of Llanberris, we per- 
ceive, lying high above the road, near the top of the pass, a huge block 
of stone which has long attracted the notice of even the least obser- 
vant traveller. It is perched on the edge of a rock a few hundred 
feet above the bottom of the valley, on its northern flank — that is 
to say, on the left hand of the traveller who is ascending the pass. 
It is from fifteen to twenty feet long, and six or seven feet high, 
sharp and angular as on the first day that it was detached from the 
parent mass. It rests on a face of rock which, for a few feet, slopes 
sharply towards the valley beneath, and then ends in a perpendic- 
ular face of rock, and it is so lightly poised on its narrow base, that 
