ArchcBology and Anthropology. 
J unknown to each other. Columbus, voyag- 
ing from the one, discovered the other, and introduced them to- 
gether. Further acquaintance developed the fact that even before 
his tin ■' • . • 
than i] 
to which this is true. 
" Fifteen years ago I was called upon in my official capacity to clas- 
sify the North American Indians. After various attempts and 
much consideration, !• decided that the only practical or satisfactory 
classification was that to be made by language. Other persons had 
treated the subject in the light of zoology, and had attempted to 
classify man as an animal. Divers measurements of the crania 
were resorted to, anthropometry was put in active operation, tests 
were made of the color of the skin, hair, eyes, etc., but all such 
have failed as means of classification. We discovered as we pro- 
gressed that classification by language was fundamental and wrought 
a classification in civilization, sociology, religion, mythology, art, etc. 
"This map exhibits our conclusions so far as our work has been 
completed. It is intended to represent the condition and location 
of Indian tribes as manifested by their languages at the advent of 
the white man, though succeeding epochs have sometimes neces- 
sarily been shown. 
" Tlie Eskimos occupy the northern coast line like a fringe from 
Labrador to Alaska. They speak practically the same language. The 
Athabascan, occupying almost the entire territory of British North 
America, speak many languages, each distinct from the other, and 
yet belonging to the same stock and showing that they were the 
same people. We find this language scattered in spots through 
California and Old and New Mexico. 
'* The next group of languages, ioriy or fifty in number, scattered 
over the eastern and northeastern United States and Canada, was 
the Algonkin, and yet we find the Arapahoes down near the Gulf of 
Mexico to belong to the same stock. Likewise the Iroquois, vari- 
ously called the Five or Six or Seven Nations, have a modern repre- 
sentative in the language of the Cherokees. 
'* The Siouan group had its habitat on the prairies between the 
Mississippi and Missouri. The Shoshonian group comprises 
twenty-five different languages. The Pueblo Indians employed four 
or five different stocks, but they all belong to the Shoshonian lan- 
guage. 
*' We have gathered material showing seventy-three different stocks 
of languages and nigh eight hundred dialects among the Indians of 
North America, and we have been aided in our work by the labors 
of missionaries, scholars, and of volunteers. 
" Our work has made us more conservative. We now depend more 
