1 889- J The Artiodactyla. 131 
tions leading to the true genus Bos are found, especially 
in India, where many species of large size and various de- 
velopment of horns have been found. It appears that 
Bos is a polyphyletic genus, the divisions known as Bison, 
Bubalus and Bos, having arisen from as many types of 
Antelopes, which resemble them in the positions of the 
horns. In North America the division Bison only has been 
found, and this in Plistocene beds. Such are the species Bos 
alleni Marsh, and B. latifrons of Harlan. The latter species 
was of large size, the horn-cores of some specimens being 
as thick as a man's leg. It is evident that the line of the 
Booidea was not continuous in North America, but that its 
later representatives were derived from the old world. 
The following series may approximate a correct representa- 
tion of the phylogeny of the genus Bos, expressed in genera. 
Ovis(sens.lat.) 
Palseomeryx 
Dremotherium 
Amphitragulus 
Dorcatheriutn J 
Cebochcerus \ 
Pantolestes PantolestidiE. 
Of the Cervidae or the Booidea which shed their horns, the 
genus Cervus is one of the earliest with which we are acquain- 
ted. Undoubted species of the genus occur in the Pliocene, 
and Upper Miocene species are also referred to it. As species 
from the Lower Pliocene {C. vtatheroni Gerv.) are referred to 
Capreolus, those of the Miocene may not be true Cervi. 
Their structure is not sufficiently known to determine this 
point. The arrangement of the genera is as follows. The 
three primary divisions were established by Brooke. 
I Lateral metapodials complete only distally, and supporting dewclaws 
(Telemetcarpi). 
a. Nasal passages posteriorly two, separated by vomer (Cariaci). 
