1 889.] Geography and Travel. I47 
province of Mazanderan. A line uniting the Persian gulf and 
the Caspian sea is also spoken of. 
The Germans accuse the English of delaying the rectifica- 
tion of the bounderies between the possessions of the two 
countries in the Niger region, until they had made sure of 
their claims over the Upper and Central Binue by means of 
treaties with the native chiefs. France and England dispute 
the protectorate of the Egba territory, situated to the north of 
Porto Novo and Lagos. The English claim that the natural 
route to Abeokuta, the Egba capital, is by the river Ogun, 
which disembogues at Lagos, while the French claim that it 
can be reached as readily by the French river Addopero. 
The truth is that the PVenchman M. Viard has got ahead of 
the English in treating with the Egba king. 
The expenses of the Congo Free State during 1887, have 
amounted to 1,891,190 francs, spent in political and judicial 
administration, transport and mails, constructions, geographical 
explorations, etc. The receipts are not given, but they must 
be small, since at present ivory is the only article of commerce. 
The treaty by which the Sultan of Zanzibar conceded the 
greater part of the coast of Zanguebar to Germany, came into 
force the 15th of August last, but the rebellion of the natives 
of Pangani has spread along the coast and makes German do- 
mination difficult. It is said that at the present time the Ger- 
mans have abandoned the only two points they had occupied 
viz : Bagamoyo and Dar-es Salam. 
Turkey has sought to reclaim the port of Zeila, in the gulf 
of Aden, asserting that it was yielded to Egypt on condition 
of an increased tribute; but England asserts that the said port 
is in the Egyptian dominion. In the meantime Zeila remains 
in the hands of England. 
Among the boundary disputes which are common in Amer- 
ica, there has now risen one which is also a question of money. 
Rich gold fields have apparently been discovered in Dutch 
Guiana, between the rivers Lava and Papanaom ; but the French 
call to mind that both these rivers are affluents of the Mar- 
ouine, which forms the boundary between the two colonies, 
and therefore doubt the right of the Dutch to the territory. 
According to a provisional treaty concluded between Bo- 
livia and the Argentine Republic, the boundary between the 
two countries follows the parellel of 22° S. from the Paraguay 
to the Pilcomayo, thus leaving the two coasts of the navigable 
part of the latter river in the possession of the last named 
country. 
