i8o The American Naturalist. [March, 
ever of interest it may have, that of comparison, either with its 
own race or with others, does not commence until the future. 
So it has come to be neglected ; but its importance to a study 
of Anthropology, which shall be at once scientific and valuable, 
cannot be overestimated. To the doubter of this proposition 
I propound the following question : How can you determine 
the different races of mankind except you consider the differ- 
ence of size, color, form and capacity. And how can this be 
done without Anthropometry ? 
The number of divisions into which it has been proposed, at 
different times, and by different scientists, to separate mankind 
has ranged from two to sixty. The five great divisions which 
we were taught as children have been broken up and the later 
scientists have proposed but three, to which they have given 
Greek names signifying the particular attributes assigned to 
each group, instead of the geographical terms formerly em- 
ployed. 
Leucochroi — represented by the Europeans. 
Mesochroi — by the Mongolian and American Indian. 
Melanochroi (Huxley) or^thochroi (Dallas) — by the Negro 
and Australian. 
The basis on which this classification has been made is as 
follows : 
1. Statue and comparative height of different parts of the 
body. 
2. Color of skin. 
3. Color of hair and eyes. 
4. Index, Cephalic. 
5. Index, nasal. 
6. Cross section of hair. 
7. Shape of nose, and in certain cases (to be determined 
after death), of the pelvis. 
From these facts given in figures with the necessary precis- 
ion, aided by a study of his language, the scientist determines 
to what division of mankind the individual who is under 
examination belongs. But I ask how can these facts be 
gathered except by use of Anthropometry ? 
This new science of Anthropometry has grown so that what 
was before unthought of, and perhaps supposed to be unattain- 
able, is now within the commonest demands. The time was 
when the stature and weight of the human body, the diameter 
and cubic capacity of the human skull, and the weight of the 
brain, were about all expected from Anthropometry. But an 
extended consideration shows that there is little in the Science 
