1 889.] Archceology and Anthropology. 181 
of Ethnology, in the study of physical difference between the 
races of mankind or the individuals thereof, which Anthropo- 
metry may not aid in clearing or defining. 
Think of the physical differences in the various races of 
mankind in the present day — take the Western Hemisphere, 
and beginning at the north, compare the physical differences 
susceptible of accurate measurement between the Eskimos, 
Aleuts, Innuits, the North American Indian, the Aztec, the 
Peruvian, the Patagonian. A moment's consideration will 
carry conviction that accurate measurement would go far in 
establishing the dividing line between these races. As to the 
like benefit among our present Indians, in deciding between 
different tribes, I offer no opinion, but in obtaining by Anthro- 
pometry their status as a race, for comparison with other races, 
and so fixing their relative position as an Ethnologic group, 
I have no doubt as to the benefit, and that the work if done 
would receive the approval of the scientific world. Especially 
is this true since the combination of the American Indian in 
the same grand division with the Mongolian. I know of no 
method, except by Anthropometry, that the comparison be- 
tween these two peoples can be made with precision ; or by 
which they can with certainty be assigned to the same grand 
division. This comparison cannot be made by the measure- 
ment of a few isolated cases in either continent. The mea- 
surement must be of groups of individuals sufficiently large 
and numerous to establish the peculiarities of the entire people. 
This application of Anthropometry to the American Indian 
falls naturally to the scientist of the United States. None 
other can do it, and our national pride should say that none 
other be permitted to do it. If this is a proper work, and 
worth the doing, it should be done by us. We should here 
apply the Monroe doctrine of politics. If not done, it should 
not be because it was neglected, or forgotten ; but because we 
decide it not to be worth the labor and expense, and in this we 
must justify ourselves in the eyes of the world. 
I venture with diflidence the suggestion that the present 
tried corps of Ethnologic explorers among our Indians might 
add to their present field duties that of Anthropometry. The 
corps is already organized and the labor, trouble or expense 
would be but slight compared with what it would be if a new 
corps had to be organized. The expense would only be for 
instruments and tables. The men could receive instructions 
in the needed manipulations from competent professors before 
starting. With small practice they could soon master the art, 
