1889.] The Proboscidia. 20 j 
An ingeniously constructed fraud, consisting of parts of 
molar teeth of this species fastened together by cement, 
which was treated with wax, so as to resemble enamel, was 
described by me as representing a distinct species of this 
order, under the name of Ccenobasileus tremoyitigerus} The 
specimen was manufactured in southwestern Texas. 
ElepJias primigenius Blumenbach, the mammoth, was at 
one time distributed throughout North America, as far south 
as the valley of Mexico, inclusive. Its remains are found in 
the Upper Pliocene of Oregon, and in the Pliocene of Mexico, 
unaccompanied by the Mastodon americanus, which had not 
appeared by that time. In the Eastern States its remains 
occur with those of the Mastodon americanus at the Big 
Bone Lick, in Kentucky. It was not found in the Port Ken- 
nedy, Pennsylvania, Bone-fissure, although the Mastodon was 
there. This absence may have been accidental. Says Leidy * : 
" The animal {Elephas prhnigenius americanus) was probably 
of earlier origin, and became earlier extinct than the latter," 
an opinion which my own observations confirm. Since no 
earlier species of elephant proper is known from North or 
South America, we must regard this one as an immigrant 
from Asia, where, indeed, its remains abound. It remained 
longer in Siberia than in North America, since whole car- 
casses have been discovered imprisoned in the ice, near the 
mouth of the Lena River. These specimens had a covering 
of long hair, with an under hair of close wool. 
Leidy and Falconer have observed that the teeth of the 
elephants from Eastern North America can be easily dis- 
tinguished from those of the Mammoth by the greater atten- 
uation of the enamel plates. Leidy also observes that the 
lower jaw is more acuminate in the former. He proposed, 
therefore, to distinguish it as a species, using Dekay's name, 
E. americanus. Teeth from Escholtz Bay, Alaska, he regards 
as belonging to the true E. primigenius. 
Falconer regarded the true elephant of Texas as a distinct 
species, which he named E. columbi. He distinguished it by 
the coarse plates of the enamel, and by the wide lower jaw, 
* '• Proceedings American Philos. Society," 1877, p. 584. 
' " Extinct Mammalia of Dakota and Nebraska," p. 398. 
