402 TJie American Naturalist. [May, 
grave Mr. Adams took four which aggregated twenty-two 
inches, and six more formed a line of the same length. Fig. i 
is of the exact size of one of six taken from a grave last year. 
This grave contained a most curious assortment of articles, of 
which I will speak particularly before concluding. While 
smaller beads of this kind occur on historic sites, and very 
rarely on prehistoric villages, I know of none so large else- 
where in New York. The chiefs who wore them m their first 
splendor must have been proud of their ornaments. 
While prehistoric shell beads of any kind are so rare through 
the old Iroquois territory of New York, the small council 
wampum, of course, is found only on later sites. The Five 
Nations had none of this before the coming of the Dutch. 
This is a fact now clearly established. There are other late 
beads of bone, stone, porcelain, glass, and discoid and oval 
shell beads. Sometimes mere shells of Melampus and Mar- 
ginella have been strung, but never any fresh water univalves, 
as far as I know. The Venetian glass beads are often of 
many colors and intricate patterns, and sometimes of singular 
beauty. Some plainer glass beads are quite attractive also. 
Ornaments of perforated red slate and pipestone belong 
also to the later sites, but most of those gathered by Mr. 
Adams now grace the cabinet of Mr. A. G. Richmond, of 
Canajoharie. A pretty little mask of Catlinite, smaller than a 
finger nail, came from a recent Cayuga grave. I have seen 
but one other as small, and that from an Onondaga site of 
A. D. 1700. Shell and bone ornaments include the familiar 
Iroquois forms of disks, crescents, fishes, and those to which 
we can hardly give a name. Combs came with the white 
man, but the Indian soon made for himself those of bone or 
horn, the top generally symmetrically arranged, as two men, 
two serpents, two birds. Fine examples of these have come 
from Cayuga sites — indeed, the best I have seen. 
The bone harpoon, Fig. 2, is from a recent Cayuga grave, 
and most large harpoons that I have known are not old, say 
two hundred and fifty years or less. I have figured them 
from historic sites of the Onondagas and Mohawks besides. 
