404 The American Naturalist. [May, 
afifords good examples, as well as the other cantons. Iron is 
found on all recent sites. 
Good clay pipes have proved abundant near Cayuga Lake, 
and the ridge along the sides of the stems of many is an un- 
usual feature. They present the common variety in form and 
ornament. Fig, 5 is called a wolf-totem pipe by Mr. Adams, 
who took it from a grave last spring. It is of the type common 
two hundred years ago. A little later the Indians reversed 
the arrangement of the head or ornament. A curious de- 
tached terra cotta Cayuga ornament represents a man's head 
with a pointed helmet. These detached ornaments are found 
in other parts of the Iroquois territory. Slender pewter and 
iron pipes are. rarer, but the former have quite a range. 
Stone pipes were little used by the Cayugas or their prede- 
Figs. 6 and 7 Mr. Adams calls gambling flints. The larger 
one may be a frequent form of knife, or he may be correct in 
his name. The smaller one is quite likely to have had such a 
use. Had they shown signs of wear, I might have thought them 
Indian gun-flints ; but there is no good reason for this, and 
their place in a chiefs grave gives them some importance. 
They are not of the scraper form, and are too small for ordi- 
nary knives. Twenty-one occurred in one Cayuga grave, but 
I have found them singly in Onondaga County, They are 
neatly chipped, and suggest the bone, stone and clay 
counters once used, now represented by peach stones and deer 
One curious article Mr. Adams has loaned me, which is 
probably old. The point of a flint arrow had been broken off, 
and below the fracture a deep indentation was neatly chipped, 
making the whole not unlike a rude fork. Like the concave 
or curved scrapers of Onondaga County, it may have been 
employed in forming arrow shafts, though not a true scraper 
like them. 
Fig. 8 is of a horn implement, perhaps a punch for orna- 
menting pottery, though of rather a late date for that. This 
is a Cayuga form, but they are found on other sites of the 
