454 T^^^ American Naturalist. [May, 
mation of this kind, Mr. Howard gives the following interest- 
ing illustration : 
" The Hessian Fly has been very destructive for two years 
past in England, and the question has been, and it is an im- 
portant one, whence did it come ? Two important wheat- 
growing districts furnish England with much of its grain, viz.. 
North America and Russia. Now it happens that within a 
few months of each other Dr. Riley monographed the North 
American parasites of this insect, and Dr. Lindemann the 
Russian parasites. No accurate way of fixing the source of 
the English supply was found, until Dr. Riley, on his recent 
trip to England, discovered that the parasites there were 
identical with the Russian forms, and, with one exception, spe- 
cifically distinct from the American forms ; the exception be- 
longing to the Russian fauna as well as to the American. 
America is thus relieved from the onus, which falls on Rus- 
sian shoulders." 
The Epipaschiinae of North America.— Under this 
title the Rev. Geo. D. Hulst' monographs the American rep- 
resentations of that small group of moths of which Epipasachia 
is the typical genus. As to the zoological position of this 
group, he looks upon the Epipaschiinae as either connecting 
the Phycitidae with the Pyralidinae, or as the ancestral 
and now nearly obsolete stem from which, in different direc- 
tions, the other two have arisen. He enumerates eleven gen- 
era, represented by nineteen species. 
A Study of the Cynipidae.— There is on our table a 
valuable paper on this subject, from the Agricultural College 
of Michigan, by C. P. Gillette. The paper is based on col- 
lections made in the vicinity of Lansing. Mr. Gillette makes 
many observations on the previously described species, and 
gives descriptions, with figures, of the galls of several new 
ones. A list of thirty-four species of Galls Flies, taken in 
this locality, and of the parasites bred from them, is ap- 
pended to the paper. 
Coleopterous Larv^ and their Relations to 
Adults.— The present paper is the first of a series of inves- 
tigations which it is my purpose to carry on in connection 
with the larvae and their relations to adults. My studies are 
confined to the post ovarian stages, and in this discussion the 
term larvae is used to indicate such conditions only. It is my 
purpose to inquire into the origin of larval forms, both ances- 
tral and acquired, and to compare the results of the study of 
' Entomologica Americana, Vol. v., pp. 41-52, 61-76. 
