652 The American Naturalist. [July, 
The first body sat facing the east, and the second one directly in 
front, with knees nearly touching, facing the first one. 
A few inches to the north of No. i a third one had been placed, 
apparently facing the east. The crania of all three individuals 
showed an extremely low grade of mental development ; the foreheads 
being, in one case, even lower than in the specimen found in the 
Floyd mound, which was figured and described by the writer in a paper 
on " Ancient Mounds at Floyd, Iowa,'' that appeared in a late number 
of the American Naturalist. 
The upper anterior portion (back of the eyes) of one of the 
crania under consideration was quite narrow, but rather rapidly ex- 
panded postero-laterally. That portion of the frontal bone forming 
the upper part of the eye sockets attained a height of only from four 
to seven mm.; and then sloped abruptly backward, forming a slightly 
concave area back of and above the eyes. This cranium, as well as the 
others obtained from this mound, was smaller (the largest 6)^x5 in.), 
than the Neanderthal skull. 
In Plate XXIX. is given a good representation of one of these 
One of the individuals was apparently that of a woman in middle 
life, while the body on the left was that of an aged person. 
The first one and one-half feet of material above the remains was 
a mixture of earth and ashes, made very hard, with a few small pieces 
of charcoal scattered through it. 
The remaining three and one-half feet of material composing the 
mound was a yellow, clayey soil, unlike anything found on the surface 
in the vicinity. 
Five feet below the surface of mound No. 4, and resting on the 
natural surface of the ground, were the remains of two persons which 
had been buried in a sitting position. 
Some of the larger bones of the bodies were in a good state of 
preservation ; the crania, however, were too badly crushed and decom- 
posed to allow of a reconstruction of their parts. 
The structure and size of the bones of these individuals indicated 
persons of great muscular development, and showed them to have been 
at least six feet in height. 
The first three and one-fourth feet of the mound above the remains 
was yellow earth and ashes, made very hard, probably by tramping and 
