1889.] Archceology and Ethnology. 653 
The remaining one and three-fourths feet of material was yellow- 
earth, not packed. 
Scattered through the mound were numerous pieces of oak charcoal. 
In various parts of the mound were local deposits or "patches" of 
ashes, and underneath them thin, deeply-stained layers of ashes and 
earth, having the appearance of being stained by the decomposition of 
flesh. 
In mound No. 9 were found the remains of four bodies. 
The teeth and bones of two of these individuals showed them to 
have been well advanced in years, while the third body was that of a 
person of middle age, and the fourth that of a subject somewhat 
younger. 
The lower jaw of one of these individuals was very large and strong, 
with the angles much straightened. All the teeth, with one exception, 
were well preserved, although much worn on the crowns. 
One large molar, which was otherwise [sound, had a decayed cavity 
in the cervix 3 mm. in diameter. 
Although we have personally examined the teeth of many mound- 
builders, this is almost the first example of decayed teeth belonging to 
these people which has come under our observation. Another inter- 
esting and finely preserved lower jaw obtained from this mound had a 
breadth measuring, from exterior to exterior, at the angles, twelve 
and one-half centimeters. 
This maxillary had apparently been fractured during life ; and this 
may perhaps account, in part, for its great width. 
The angle of the jaw was very low and much straightened. 
At the time of death only the incisors and canines remained ; all the 
other teeth had been lost, and the alveolar processes either wholly 
or in part absorbed. 
All the bodies had been placed in a sitting posture in the centre of 
the mound, on a small hillock, one and one-half feet in height, com- 
posed of ashes and earth. 
Although all the bodies had been buried in the flesh, still a portion 
of the skull of one individual had been much charred by fire before 
being in the mound. 
The first one and one-fourth feet of material composing the mound 
was soft, yellow earth, similar to that constituting the other mounds ; 
and the remaining one and three-fourths feet was of the same material, 
mixed with ashes, and made quite hard. 
Disseminated through the mass were a few small pieces of charcoal. 
In mound No. 10, which was about forty-five feet in diameter and 
