1889.] History of Garden Vegetables. 675 
in 1 806/^ and probably far earlier, for it was collected by Clayton 
in Virginia about 1739^^ as a naturalized plant. 
Mint, green mint, or spearmint is called in France menthe vert;^^ 
in Spain, hierva buena, ortelana; in Italy, menta; in Germany, 
munts; in Arabic, nahanaha;^^ in the Mauritius, menthe ;^^ in 
\n^\d.,podeena;^^ in the Ti^zzzn, pahari-poodenah?^ 
MUGWORT. Artemisia vulgaris L. 
This plant, of insignificant use, is yet included among the 
plants of the garden by European writers. The leaves are strong, 
bitter, and aromatic, and are sometimes used for seasoning.*^ It 
was formerly employed to a great extent for flavoring beer, before 
the introduction of the hop,^^ and the leaves are said to have been 
used for food in China in the fourteenth century.^^ jj. jg ^ ^^^ 
scarcely in the vegetable garden, and it is unnecessary to inquire 
when the first entry was effected. 
The nmgwort is called in France, armoise, conronne de St. Jean, 
herbe a cent gonts ; in Germany, beifuss ; in Holland, bijvoet ; in 
Italy, santolina; in Arabic, artemasaya, ntmeesa; in Hindustani, 
nagdoivfia; in Persia, birunjasif ; in Telugu,^ davanamu ; in 
Japan, gai or Jamogi.^'^ 
MUSTARD. Sinapis sp. 
Mustard was well known to the ancients, but the use seems to 
have been more medicinal than dietetic, yet Apicius/''^ about 230 
A. D., makes frequent uses of it in his receipts on cookery, and 
in an edict of Diocletian, A. D. 301, it is mentioned along with 
alimentary substances. In Europe, during the middle ages, 
mustard was used with the salted meats which formed such a 
»•« McMahon. Am. Card. Cal.. 1806. % Vilmorin. Les PI. Pot.. 1883. la. 
«^ Gronovius. Virg., 1762, 89. 97 Johnson. Useful PI. of Great Brit.. 154. 
91 Vilmorin. Les PI. Pot., 1883, 353- ^ Bretschneider. Bot. Sin.. 51. 
«-^ Camerarius. Epit., 1586. 477. » Birdwood. Veg. Prod, of Bomb., 47. 
«3 Bojer. Hort. Maur.. 1837. 247. 100 Raempfer. Amoen.. 1712. 897. 
9< Speede. Ind. Handb.of Gard., 1842, 183. wi Apicius. De Opsoniis. etc.. Anesblo- 
