686 The American Naturalist. [August, 
This little herd was purchased by W. S. Miller, of Elmore, Ohio, 
and exhibited by him at the Ohio Centennial Exposition at 
Columbus last fall. 
Mr. Miller informs me that the following breeders have had 
pure-bred mooley shorthorns in their herds : J. M. Jackson, Coits- 
ville, O. ; R. Baker, Elyera, O. ; and Jacob Powell, Independence, 
Mo. But it is only now since the advantage of the want of horns 
on cattle has become apparent — and when it has been demon- 
strated that the hornless cattle can be as masterful and of as good 
quality as the horned — that the polled tendency has been watched 
for by shorthorn breeders, and the character severed from " the 
swamping effects of free intercrossing with the parent form " — a 
principle made prominent recently by Prof G. J. Romanes, F.R.S. 
A few years ago a hornless Durham bull was brought to Rich- 
mond, N. Y. Mr. Pitts, a breeder of pure shorthorn cattle, kept 
the bull for use in his herd, and his get proved to be hornless, 
and the hornless stock being sold in neighboring towns founded 
this variety, which was here shown and received premiums.^ 
William Warfield, commenting on " Inbreeding and Crossing," 
uses the following illustration : The former of a new breed is 
ordinarily in the position of having nothing but one or two 
representatives of the direction in which he wishes to improve. 
What can he do but in-breed ? Say, for instance, that a hornless 
calf is accidently produced, and we wish to frame a breed of horn- 
less calves, nothing is left to us but to breed this calf to his own 
daughters and granddaughters— to breed his offspring together, 
and so on, not because inbreeding as inbreeding ' fixes a type,' 
or ' improves,' but because these are the only hornless cattle we 
have. If we had other hornless cattle inbreeding would be a 
folly. It consequently happens that in the formation of any breed 
inbreeding is a necessity." 
The above selections of cases are necessary to the complete 
consideration of the subject of " The Mooley Cow," and afford 
some excellent illustrations of the principles and theory of 
breeding and selection. 
■i National Live Stock Journal, Nov. 1881. p. 485. 
