1889.] Recctit Literature. 795 
teeth on the splenial bone. (I have not examined very small speci- 
mens.) Secondly. The branchice have a peculiar shape. There are 
no processes such as exist in all other Urodele larvae, but the fimbriae 
arise from the edges of the vertical laminae which separate the pharyn- 
geal fissures (Fig. 3, p. 3, No. 7). The superior part of the lamina is 
a little more produced* than the inferior, so as to form in some speci- 
mens, on the third lamina, a short process. This type of external 
branchiae does not resemble any of those of the perennibranchiate 
types, where there are always processes which are frequently furnished 
with more or less numerous rami. Thirdly. The teeth of the larva are 
stronger than in the adult. They are compressed, double-edged, and 
acute. Having thus a dagger-shape, they can inflict a severe bite. 
" As they approach maturity, the marbled colors begin to appear. 
They can probably reproduce without undergoing a metamorphosis, 
since I have found eggs in the ovaries ready for deposit. 
'' I observed these larvae in some tributaries of the McCloud River, 
near Baird, Cal. They swam with great rapidity, darting about and 
hiding themselves among the fallen leaves that covered the bottom. I 
took from the stomach of one of them a larva of its own species of 
Northern California and "Western Oregon. The skeleton of a large 
specimen from Salem, Oregon, is figured on Plates 20-21. The hyoid 
apparatus of a younger larva is represented on PI. 22, Figs. 2-3." 
Bufo lentiginosus americanu^ is thus noticed : 
" Dwellers in the country are familiar with the voice of this species 
in the early Spring, which is the season of the deposit of eggs. These 
are laid inclosed in a long, thick-walled tube of transparent albumen, 
secreted by the walls of the oviducts. These tubes lie in long spiral 
strings on the bottoms of the ponds where they are deposited. The 
young hatch out early, and are of a darker color than those of others 
of our Salientia. They retain the dark color till near the time of the 
completion of the metamorphosis. This takes place at an earlier date 
than that of the Ranae, and the completed young are scarcely as large 
as those of the Hylae or of the Scaphiopus. The voice of this species 
may be heard well into the summer. It is a sonorous ur-r-r-r-r-r, which 
may be readily imitated by whistling while one utters a deep-toned 
vocal sound expressed in the above letters. Individuals differ in the 
pitch of their notes, but a chorus of them has a weird sound well 
befitting the generally remote spots where they congregate and the 
darkness of the hour. When not thus engaged, they often take up 
their abode beneath the doorstep of the farmer's house, and issue in 
