86o The American Naturalist. [October, 
Cranium normal ; bones of jaws and pharyngeals 
distinct ; Percomorphi. 
Cranium normal, bones of jaws distinct ; third 
superior pharyngeal much enlarged and ar- 
ticulated with cranium; inferior pharyngeals 
coosified ; Pharyngognathi. 
yy. Posttemporal an integral part of the skull. 
Cranium normal ; bones of jaws distinct ; pharyn- 
geals separate ; Craniomi, 
The families of the preceding order are the following : 
DocoPTERi ; DorypteridjE (possibly Physostomous.) 
Opisthomi ; Mastacembelidc-E ; Notacanthidse. 
Percesoces ; Opheocephalidae ; Mugihdae ; Atherinidae ; Sphy- 
raenidae ; Scombresocidae. 
Hemibran'CHII ; Pegasidce ; Gasterosteidae ; Fistulariidae ; Cen- 
triscidae ; Amphisilidae ; Dercetidae. 
LoPHOBRANCHii; Solenostomidae; Syngnathida^ ; Hippocampidse. 
DiscocEPHALi ; Echeneidid^e. 
Pediculati ; Antennariidae ; Lophiidae. 
Heterosomata ; Pleuronectidae. 
Plectognathi ; Triacanthidae ; Balistidje ; Tetrodontidae ; Dio- 
dontidae ; Ostraciidae. 
Percomorphi ; (Anacanthini) Ophidiidae ; Gadid^ ; Macruridae ; 
(Haplodoci) Batrachidae ; (Cyclopteroidea) Cyclopteridae ; 
(Epilasmia) Acroneuridae, Ch^todontid^e ; (Distegi) Scor- 
pjenidae; Cottidae ; Blenniidae ; Gobiidai ; Platycephalidae; 
Rhamphocottidae ; Agonidae ; Heterognathidae ; Gerreidae ; 
Carangidae; Sillaginidae; Pristipomatidai ; Scienidae ; 
Sparidae; Percidae ; Berycidae ; Scombridae ; Trichiuridae ; 
Xiphiadidae; (Labyrinthici) Osphromenidae ; Anabantidae. 
Pharyngognathi; Embiotocid^t ; Cichlidc-e ; Labridje ; Scaridae. 
Craniomi ; Triglidae ; Dactylopteridai. 
BATRACHIA. 
The eight orders of the class Batrachia are defined as follows : 
I. Basioccipital, supraoccipital, intercalary and supratem- 
poral bones present ; propodial bones distinct {Stegocephalt). 
