920 The American Naturalist. [October, 
Mollusca.— H. A. Pilsbry describes the following new molluscs 
(Proc. Acad. Nat. Science, Philadelphia, 1889): Holospira elizabethiz, 
Guerrero, Mexico ; Pcecilozonites reinianus var. goodei, Bermudas ; 
Bythinella aquicostata, Florida ; Amnicola peracuta, Texas ; Sphcerium 
singleyi, Texas. He also gives notes on Microphysa hypalepta, Zonites 
dallianus, Z. singleyanus, Pcecilozonites bermudensis, and Hydrobia 
monroensis. In the same volume W. D. Hartman describes ten new 
species of shells from the New Hebrides. 
Crustacea.— Dr. Leidy describes from a specimen oi Leptocephalus 
taken at Beach Haven, N. J., a copepod under the name Chalimus 
Arachnids. — Dr. Leidy records under the generic name Solpuga 
(Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia, 1889) Galeodes cubcE, as 
taken in Florida. 
Mr. J, E. Ives has found (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia, 
1889) a large number of Linguatulina diesingii Qncystedi in the great 
omentum of a Sooty Mangabey, Cercocebus fuliginosus, which died in 
the Zoological Gardens, at Philadelphia. 
Dr. Geo. Marx (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia, 1889) 
catalogues twelve species of spiders collected by Mr. Heilprin in the 
Bermudas. The spider fauna is cosmopolitan, only four being re- 
stricted to the island. Lycosa atlantica is the only new species. 
Myriapoda.— C. H. Bollman catalogues (Proc. Phila. Acad., 
1889) four species of myriapods collected by Mr. Heilprin in the 
Bermudas. Spirobolus heilpHni is regarded as new. 
' Vertebrata.— Dr. John T. Bowen describes in the Anatomischer 
Anzeiger, Bd. IV., the epitrichial layer in the human epidermis, which 
was briefly mentioned by Dr. Minot in a former volume of the A^^ERICAN 
Naturalist. Dr. Bowen's conclusions are (i) that the outermost epi- 
dermal cells of young embryos form a distinct histological layer ; (2) that 
this layer disappears by the sixth month over most portions of the 
tody ; (3) that in certain places, as in the region of the nail, this 
layer undergoes a keratosis, and forms a part of the stratum corneum; 
(4) that there are good reasons for regarding this layer as homolo- 
gous with the epitrichium of animals ; (5) that the nail is a modified 
portion of the stratum lucidum, and becomes exposed by the loss of 
the epitrichial layer. Whether the cells overlying the stratum lucidum 
