1889.] Recent Literature. looi 
more was done until the time of Linnaeus, when the names of Batsch, 
Schaeffer, and Tode appear, and still later (1801), Persoon. During 
the present century the investigators of the fungi have been rapidly 
increasing in numbers. 
In discussing the distribution of fungi, Scbroeter states that about 
1885 Tilletia Icevis Kuhn (= T. foetens [B. & C] Trelease) was first 
found at Breslau, and that previous to 1870 Puccinia sorghi '$>c\v\\\ was 
not known to him to occur in Silesia. The present wide distribution 
of both these fungi makes these facts very interesting. 
It is interesting also to find that, in discussing the relationships of the 
different groups, Schroeter regards the teleutospore of the Uredineae 
as an ascus containing one or more spores, the ascus-membrane fitting 
tightly over the spores. His statement of his view is given below in 
a purposely literal translation : 
"The Uredineae stand in close relationship to the typical Ascomy- 
cetes, as is undoubtedly generally recognized from the investigations 
of Tulasne and De Bary. Indications of this fact are furnished by 
the various fruit-forms, among which are noticeable the spermogerm 
and stylospore layers (uredo-fruit) that appear in the Ascomycetes. 
The ^cidia have hitherto been regarded as the analogues of the 
Sporangium-fruits. I believe that this view can not be maintained, 
but that these analogues are plainly to be recognized in the teleuto- 
spore-fruits. In these latter is found the characteristic, definitely-fixed 
spore-member, which (barring occasional variations owing to the 
stunting of individual spores) appears as a dual {Puccinia, Gymnospor- 
angiuni,^ or multiple of the same {Phragmidium, Coleosporium,') unless 
there is but one spore developed, as is the case with Uromyces and 
Melampsora. In many cases (very plainly in Puccinia asphodeli, of 
the Mediterranean flora) the structure of the so-called spore-divisions 
is easily seen to be of the nature of endogenous spores, even in the 
ripe spores ; it is also more or less plainly to be distinguished in 
Phragmidium, especially in the young spores. In all cases, the mem- 
brane of the spore fuses with that of the mother cell, yet in such a 
way that frequently it can be recognized as a separate hull." 
This view is identical with that set forth by the writer hereof in 1880.* 
Schroeter divides the fungi into three divisions or series, viz. : 
Myxomycetes, Schizomycetes, and Eumycetes ; each of which is 
again subdivided into orders and families. The Myxomycetes contain 
three orders, viz. : Acrasiei, Myxogasters, and Phytomyxini. The 
treatment of the Schizomycetes is essentially identical with Cohn's, 
* BoUny for High Schools and Colleges. New York. p. 315. 
