1883 | | The Kindred of Man. 127 
respond to that of man, while the greater part of American mon- 
keys have two more teeth in each jaw, and in those which do 
possess the same number the arrangement is unlike. Geographi- 
cally and structurally the apes we have been describing belong to 
the old-world group, and geographically and structurally, too, 
man’s alliances make it necessary to consider him a member of 
the same family. 
But though it is assuredly no part of the writer’s purpose to 
belittle the evidences of this genetic connection, the candid ac- 
knowledgment must be made, that a somewhat undue prominence 
has been given to the anthropoid apes in this respect—although 
probably more in popular misconception of what men of science 
have writt¢n than in anything which the writers themselves have 
intendéd to convey. 
The points of resemblance are many and close, but the cate- 
gory contains many in which each ape stands closer to man than 
do any of the others, and there are as many more, perhaps, in 
which similarity is found, not among the higher, but in some of 
the lowest of the monkey tribe. 
A full list of the points of close alliance would be far longer 
than the purpose of this paper demands, and it will be sufficient 
to mention a few cases of resemblance and of difference, simply 
to indicate the complex nature of the relationship. : 
The gorilla resembles man most in actual bulk, in size of the 
brain, in proportional length of the hand, and of the thumband great 
toe to the spine, of the two segments of the arm to each other, 
and in the presence of the transversus pedis muscle; but he has 
no flexor longus pollicis in the hand, no plantaris and no flexor 
accessorius in the foot, both of which are found in man and most 
of the lower monkeys. 
The chimpanzee is man-like in shortness of arms compared 
With thespine and with the leg, in many details of brain struc- 
ture and in the possession of a palmaris longus muscle, but the- 
plantaris, the transversus pedis, and sometimes the flexor accesso- 
_ Hus are absent, and the flexor longus pollicis is variable. 
n The orang excels in the proportion of hand to foot, in some 
details of the pelvis, and in general brain development is, per- 
7 haps, higher than either of the others; it also has the palmaris 
“ongus and a part only of the flexor accessorius, but the flexor 
longus pollicis, the plantaris and transversus pedis are absent, and 
