1883. ] Geography and Travels. 187 
gradually rising. One point, which in 1755 was only two inches 
above the level of the sea, is now six feet five inches. 
Swedish geologists have undertaken a thorough geological ex- 
amination of Bjorné and the southern part of Spitzbergen. Zoo- 
logical and botanical observations have also been made. The 
Swedish Geological Expedition returned to Tromso on Sept. 
16th. It was found impossible to land on Beeren island, as 
was intended, owing to tremendous seas. Snow had covered 
Spitzbergen as early ; as August 30th, and forced them to discon- 
tinue their researches. Observations were commenced at Smith’s 
observatory, by the Swedish Meteorological Expedition, on Au- 
gust 15th. Owing to the enormous quantities of drift-ice in 
the Kara sea, the A. E. Nordenskiöld, bound for the Jenisei, has 
put back to Vard6, after narrowly escaping being frozen in near 
Waigatz island. An expedition under Lieut. Andreyew, sent 
out by the Russian Geographical Society, has reached Novaya 
Zembla, where it will winter. 
SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE JEANNETTE EXPEDITION. —A history 
of the Jeannette expedition is in preparation, under the care of 
Mr. Raymond L. Newcomb. 
The extensive collections of birds and deep-sea fauna were 
lost with the ship, but the observations of the aurora and mag- 
netism, about 2000 measurements, were preserved. The depth 
of the ocean north of Wrangell island, where the Jeannette spent 
e first winter, was every where very small—thirty fathoms on an 
average, with a maximum of sixty and a minimum of seventeen 
ioms. The bottom was usually a blue ooze, with a few shells, 
and sometimes with stones which seemed to be of meteoric 
origin. 
On n May 17, 1881, the small ay called ae was reached 
in 76° 47’ 28” N. lat, and 157° A E. long. It consisted of 
a rocky hill, covered 'with snow, ig 25 king the eastern side of a 
high mountain. Two days later, another island was discovered 
towards the west, and was named pupei Mr. Melville m3 
iberian coast. It i is in 76° at 
an ind is a high mass of basalt mae with 
: wd are several Valicys Ci l 
