410 General Notes. [l 
the Chalk, Upper greensand or Gault, or to some combination of 
these. His conclusion, from paleontological evidence, is thatit 
represents the lowest part of the Chalk, the Upper greensand and _ 
the upper part of the Gault. Mr. Woodward describes a Cala: 
mary (Dorateuthis syriaca) from the cretaceous of Sahel Alma, neat 
Beirut, Lebanon, Syria. The limestone in which this was found — 
has yielded many other interesting forms, including a Squilla, a 
Limulus, and several undescribed Crustacea. The pen; arms, shot 
and long; the outlines of the fins, position of the imk-bag, itmi 
pression of the horny mandibles, and the eyes, can be well ce 
in the fossil. Professor Seeley also describes a dinosauriam cota- 
coid found at Brook, Isle of Wight. If this bone pertains to a dè 
scribed genus, it must be to Pelorosaurus or Ornithopsis. Its 
17% inches long, and 14% wide. | 
Tertiary—Dr. Manzoni has published a memoir upon thesiliceou : 
sponges of the Middle Miocene of Bologna and Modena. bi 
Lithistid and Hexactinellid sponges of some layers are so 
ous that these may be regarded as sponge-beds. A remarkable 
fact is that these sponges occur in a stratum which, from its stri 
ture and the included Echinoderms and Mollusca, is proved tobe 
f P ti ely shallow water origin. Professor Owen describes 
the femur of Nototherium mitchelli, an extinct Australian marsupil, 
probably in some respects intermediate between the wo bat ane 
the kangaroo. : 
Quaternary—Professor Nordenskiöld, on his return from: a 
id 
. 
ee 
the extreme south at the sea-level, the climate must 34" iow 
colder than now. By far the greater number of the ge 
occur in this country, and from eighty to ninety per C&M im 
leaves cannot be distinguished from those of Fagus A 
to which an existing Japanese beech is very close. 
late communication to the Geological Society, 
_ Irving brings many arguments against the supposed at most 
powers of glaciers. He asserts that the facts show pp ac 
the energy developed is expended within the mass ae osiot, 
in overcoming cohesion, having only a small residuu p 
This is borne out also by the absence of ductility and lac £ ad 
tinuity shown by crevasses. Much of the erosion at ireal 
glaciers is really caused by the direct action of p jets; 
Some basin-like hollows may have been formed by Sents ont? 
many lakelets occupy hollows formed by earth-move™® cing 
mountain-slopes or by moraines. Arhong the causes F 
8 
