1883.] Geology and Paleontology. 411 
valley-lakes Mr. Irving enumerates alterations in the relative levels 
of different parts of the floor of a valley; wpthrust of the more 
yielding strata by the resolution of forces due to pressure of the 
mountain-masses, and the crushing in of the floor by the dead 
weight of the huge glaciers piled upon it. Faults and chemical 
solution also played their parts. The writer thought that the 
greater abundance of lakes in glacial countries was largely due to 
e better preservation of their basins from silting. In some gla- 
ciated regions lakes are wanting. In the Geological Magazine 
for January, Mr. H. H. Howorth continues his perennial argu- 
ment in favor of a great Post-glacial flood. He asserts that the 
number of purely Arctic shells found in the marine drift is com- 
paratively small, while several shells of a southern origin occur, 
and both are often broken, and clearly not i situ. This is the case 
in Norway and Sweden, as well as in England and Ireland. 
——E. L. Jones gives the results of the exploration of two 
_ Caves near Tenby, Wales. One of these contained remains of the 
mammoth, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, hyzena, elk, Irish elk, Bos 
Priscus, cave lion and cave bear, while ‘all these palzolithic 
animals were wanting from the other, which yielded the reindeer, 
ted-deer, horse, hog, Bos longifrons, and dog or wolf. In the 
second the remains of a hearth were also found, The first was a 
palzeolithic hyzena-den, the second a neolithic human residence. 
General—The long-delayed Geological Record for 1878 has at 
length appeared. Its editor explains the delay by the non-arrival 
of the sections on America and the Arctic regions, without which 
important portions the work has finally been issued. Supplements 
for 1874-1877 follow each of the main divisions. ——Mr. R. P. Whit- 
Id contributes to the Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural 
History, illustrations of the species previously described in the 
rans. Albany Institute, by Professor James Hall, with a revision 
of the descriptions hitherto published and diagnosis of three new 
species.— A. M. Waters describes fossil chilostomatous Bryozoa 
from. Mount Gambier, S. Australia, giving notes of sixty-eight 
mg Particulars as to the effect of earthquakes upon buildings. 
Three hundred and seventy earthquakes, occurring from 1872 to 
Be inclusive, gave ample opportunity for such observations. 
ck houses in streets running S. W. to N. E. have been mu 
More cracked than those in streets at right angles to this direc- 
Cracl The most and more intense shocks traveled S. E. to N. W. 
~Tacks in buildings which did not lengthen, were yet found by 
cha ors to open and shut, and Mr. Milne discusses the pos- 
‘ibility of erecting buildings with joints ready made, so that 
Portions of a structure likely to have different periods of vibra- 
tion may oscillate independently. Chimneys are, in Yokohama, 
often built free fi 
rom the roof for this reason. Arches which 
